What is the concept of defect cascading?

When a defect reaches the end customer it is called a failure and if the defect is detected internally and resolved it's called a defect.

n order to understand testing methodology we need to understand the workbench concept. A Workbench is a way of documenting how a specific activity has to be performed. A workbench...

Yes, there are. Some are used for academic purposes others are for formal ones.

A concept paper is a written opinion regarding a explicit question or situation, based on objective criteria usually quoted in the paper.

Title, Background/introduction of the project. Goal- long term. Objectives 3-5. Expected results. Innovation- uniqueness of your project. Budget-breakdown of main items.