Introduction to Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg is an antifolate drug that has been widely used in cancer therapy, autoimmune disorders, eye diseases, and psoriasis. It is a folate antagonist, blocking folate nukleotide synthesis, thereby interfering with a wide variety of biosynthetic processes essential for cell growth. Trexall Tablet 10 mg inhibits cisformyl tertaric acid synthesis, resulting in reduced synthesis of purines and thymidilate acid.
Uses for Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg is a commonly used medication to treat various conditions such as cancer (such as Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer), autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease), and severe allergies. It can also be used for ectopic pregnancies.
Mechanism of Action of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg acts as a folate antimetabolite, meaning it inhibits the natural process of folate synthesis in cells. It competitively binds to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), meaning it takes the place of folate and prevents it from being used in the synthesis of purines and thymidine. This interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis and disrupts cell function.
How Long Does it Take for Trexall Tablet 10 mg to Work?
Trexall Tablet 10 mg usually takes a few days to start working, depending on the condition being treated. It can take up to several weeks before the full effects of the drug are seen.
Absorption of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract with an average bioavailability of about 35%. The oral absorption of methotrexate is not reliable, which is why Trexall Tablet 10 mg is usually administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection.
Route of Elimination
Trexall Tablet 10 mg is eliminated largely by metabolism in the liver. It is also partly eliminated through the kidneys, where it is excreted as metabolites.
Dosage of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
The dosage of methotrexate varies depending on the condition being treated and the patient's response. The usual oral dose for cancer is 30-35mg/m2 each week. For treatment of autoimmune diseases, the average dose ranges from 5-12.5mg once a week, up to 25mg twice weekly.
Administration of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg may be administered orally or by intramuscular or intravenous injection. Oral tablets or capsules should always be taken with food to enhance absorption. Intramuscular and intravenous injections should be given slowly and followed by hydration with at least 2 litres of fluids.
Side Effects of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Common side effects of methotrexate include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, hair loss, rash, headache, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, diarrhea, mouth sores, and abdominal pain. They usually resolve when the dose is decreased or discontinued. Serious side effects may include immune suppression, liver damage, decreased red or white blood cells or platelets, infection, and mouth sores.
Toxicity of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Toxicity of methotrexate is rare but can occur with prolonged use of high doses. Symptoms of toxicity may include appetite loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, seizures, coma, and death.
Precaution when Using Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, infection, or a history of alcohol abuse. It should also be used cautiously in pregnant women, as it can cause birth defects. It is important to drink plenty of fluids while taking methotrexate to reduce the risk of side effects.
Drug Interactions with Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg can have harmful interactions with certain medications and supplements. Some drugs that should not be taken with methotrexate include non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen, antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, warfarin, folic acid, and certain cancer treatments. It may also have an increased risk of side effects when taken with other medications.
Food Interactions with Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg should be taken with food to enhance absorption. It should not be taken with alcohol, as alcohol can increase the risk of side effects. Grapefruit juice may also increase the blood levels of methotrexate and should be avoided.
Pregnancy Use of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg is not recommended during pregnancy as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. Pregnant women taking methotrexate should be monitored closely. Women should also wait at least one month after stopping methotrexate before attempting to become pregnant.
Lactation Use of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg has been shown to pass into breast milk and should be avoided in breastfeeding mothers if possible. Women taking methotrexate should be monitored closely and consult their physician before breastfeeding.
Acute Overdose of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
An acute overdose of methotrexate can occur with a single large dose or with a number of doses over a short period. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, seizures, and coma. Overdose should be treated immediately.
Contraindication of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg should not be used in patients with known allergy to methotrexate or other components of the formulation. It should also not be used in patients with blood disorders, severe infection, or severe liver or kidney disease.
Use Directions for Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg should be taken as directed by your physician. Oral tablets or capsules should be taken with food to enhance absorption. Intramuscular or intravenous injections should be given slowly and followed by hydration with at least 2 liters of fluids.
Storage Conditions for Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg should be stored at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). It should be kept in a light-resistant container and out of the reach of children.
Volume of Distribution for Trexall Tablet 10 mg
The volume of distribution of methotrexate is approximately 1.2 L/kg. This means that the drug is distributed throughout the body in a volume equivalent to 1.2 liters per kilogram of body weight.
Half Life of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
The half life of methotrexate is approximately 4-7 hours with oral administration and 1.5-2 hours with intramuscular or intravenous administration.
Clearance of Trexall Tablet 10 mg
Trexall Tablet 10 mg has a reported clearance of 1.6-6.0 ml/min/kg. This means that the drug is eliminated from the body at a rate of 1.6-6.0 milliliters per minute, per kilogram of body weight.
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