Kenodol IM/IV Injection

Introduction

Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml or “Ketorolac” is a NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) used to treat short term pain. It is a prescription medication and acts to reduce hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. It can be used to treat pain from a variety of causes such as muscle aches, dental pain, period pain, back pain, migraine headache, and post-surgery pain.

Uses

Ketorolac is used as a short-term treatment for moderate to severe pain. It can be used to treat pain from sprains, strains, headache, migraine, menstrual cramps, muscle spasms, and pain after surgery, dental work, or an injury. It can also be used to treat inflammation and swelling caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.

Brand Name	Kenodol
Type	IM/IV Injection
Weight	60 mg/2 ml
Generic	Ketorolac Tromethamine
Manufacturer	Rangs Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Ketorolac works by blocking the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormones that signal pain and inflammation to the brain. When they are blocked, pain relief is achieved.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Ketorolac typically starts to work within 1 hour of taking it and can provide up to 4 to 6 hours of relief. However, this may vary depending on the individual, the condition, and the dosage.

Absorption

Ketorolac is well absorbed from the stomach and small intestine. It is lipid mode of transport and does not rely on active transport

Route of Elimination

Ketorolac is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys. It can also be excreted in the saliva and sweat.

Dosage

Tablet: Recommended dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It should be used short-term only (up to 7 days) and are not recommended for chronic use. Doses exceeding 40 mg/day is not recommended.

Injection: Ketorolac injection may be used as a single or multiple doses, on a regular or when necessary schedule for the management of moderately severe, acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. When administering Ketorolac injection, the IV bolus must be given over no less than 15 seconds. The IM administration should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. The analgesic effect begins within 30 minutes with maximum effect in 1 to 2 hours after dosing IV or IM. Duration of analgesic effect is usually 4 to 6 hours.

Single-Dose Treatment-
IM Dosing (Adult):

• Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 60 mg.
• Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 30 mg.

IV Dosing (Adult):

• Patients <65 years of age: One dose of 30 mg.
• Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired and/or less than 50 kg of body weight: One dose of 15 mg.

IV or IM Dosing (2 to 16 years of age):

• IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.
• IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.

Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-

• Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Patients >65 years of age, renally impaired patients and patients less than 50 kg: The recommended dose is 15 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. The maximum daily dose for these populations should not exceed 60 mg. For breakthrough pain, do not increase the dose or the frequency of Ketorolac Tromethamine.
• Conversion from Parenteral to Oral Therapy: Ketorolac tablets may be used either as monotherapy or as follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac. When Ketorolac tablets are used as a follow-on therapy to parenteral Ketorolac, the total combined daily dose of ketorolac (oral + parenteral) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adult patients or 60 mg in elderly patients on the day the change of formulation is made. On subsequent days, oral dosing should not exceed the recommended daily maximum of 40 mg. Ketorolac IM should be replaced by Ketorolac tablet as soon as feasible. The total duration of combined parenteral and oral treatment should not exceed 5 days.

Eye Drops: Adults: 1 drop in each eye 4 times daily. The dosage of ketorolac will vary depending on the individual and the condition it is being used to treat. It is usually taken as an oral tablet or solution, or as an injection.

Administration

Ketorolac can be taken by mouth as an oral tablet, solution, or injection. It can also be taken rectally (as an enema), intravenously (through a vein), or as a transdermal patch.

Side Effects

Common side effects of taking ketorolac include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and constipation. It can also cause stomach pain, stomach ulcers, and internal bleeding. More serious side effects include kidney or liver damage, low blood pressure, and an increase in cholesterol or triglycerides.

Toxicity

Ketorolac is considered to be safe when taken in the recommended dosages and for short-term pain relief. Overdose of ketorolac can cause serious adverse reactions such as seizures or coma.

Precautions

Ketorolac should only be taken as prescribed by a physician. It should not be taken for longer than 5 days. It should not be taken with alcohol or other drugs, as this can increase the risk of serious side effects.

Interactions

Ketorolac may interact with certain other medications such as warfarin, lithium, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. It can also interact with certain supplements and herbal products.

Drug Interactions

Ketorolac may interact with certain other drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, and sulfa drugs. It can also interact with certain anticoagulants such as warfarin, fluoxetine or SSRI, and steroids such as prednisone.

Food Interactions

Ketorolac should be taken with a full glass of water. It should be taken with food or milk, if possible, to decrease the risk of stomach upset.

Pregnancy Use

Ketorolac should not be taken during pregnancy, as it may cause problems during the pregnancy or delivery.

Lactation Use

Ketorolac should not be used while breastfeeding as it can pass into breast milk and affect the baby.

Acute Overdose

Acute overdose of ketorolac can cause serious side effects such as seizures, slow heart rate, breathing problems, or coma.

Contraindication

Ketorolac should not be taken by people with peptic ulcer, asthma, bleeding disorders, impaired kidney or liver function, or who take other medications such as aspirin, blood thinners, oral contraceptives, or steroids.

Use Direction

Ketorolac should be taken as prescribed by a physician. The dose and frequency of use will vary depending on the individual and the condition it is being used to treat.

Storage Condition

Ketorolac should be stored at room temperature, away from heat and moisture.

Volume of Distribution

Ketorolac has a volume of distribution of 140 liters/kg.

Half Life

The half-life of ketorolac is 6-9 hours.

Clearance

Ketorolac is cleared by the kidneys. The clearance time is 7-11 hours.

See in details version Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml also Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml in bangla

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml

1. What is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain.

2. How does Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml work?

It inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin production, which helps decrease pain, inflammation, and fever.

3. What is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml used for?

It is commonly used for postoperative pain, musculoskeletal pain, and pain due to kidney stones.

4. Is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml a narcotic?

No, it is not an opioid and does not cause dependence.

5. How is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml administered?

It is available in oral tablets, injections (IV/IM), and ophthalmic (eye drop) forms.

6. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for headaches?

It is not typically used for headaches or migraines due to potential gastrointestinal risks.

7. How long does it take for Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml to work?

It starts working within 30-60 minutes, with peak effects in 2-3 hours.

8. How long can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

It should not be used for more than 5 days due to the risk of serious side effects.

9. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause drowsiness?

Yes, it may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or fatigue.

10. Can I drive after taking Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Avoid driving if you experience dizziness or drowsiness.

11. What are the common side effects of Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Nausea, indigestion, stomach pain, dizziness, and headache are common side effects.

12. What are the serious side effects?

Serious effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney damage, liver toxicity, and allergic reactions.

13. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause stomach ulcers?

Yes, prolonged use can lead to stomach ulcers and bleeding.

14. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml on an empty stomach?

No, take it with food or milk to reduce stomach irritation.

15. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml raise blood pressure?

Yes, NSAIDs can cause fluid retention, leading to increased blood pressure.

16. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml be taken with other NSAIDs?

No, taking multiple NSAIDs increases the risk of side effects.

17. Can I drink alcohol while taking Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

No, alcohol increases the risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding.

18. Is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml safe during pregnancy?

It is not recommended, especially in the third trimester.

19. Can breastfeeding mothers take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

It passes into breast milk in small amounts; consult your doctor before use.

20. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml with blood thinners?

No, it increases the risk of bleeding.

21. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause kidney problems?

Yes, prolonged use can cause kidney damage or failure.

22. What should I do if I miss a dose?

Take it as soon as possible, but do not double the dose.

23. What happens if I overdose on Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Overdose can cause severe stomach bleeding, kidney failure, or breathing issues. Seek immediate medical attention.

24. How is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml different from ibuprofen?

Ketorolac is stronger and only recommended for short-term use, while ibuprofen is available over-the-counter and safer for long-term use.

25. Can children take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

It is generally not recommended for children unless prescribed by a doctor.

26. How should Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml be stored?

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

27. Does Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml affect liver function?

It can cause liver enzyme elevation and, in rare cases, liver damage.

28. Is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml available over the counter?

No, it requires a prescription.

29. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for menstrual cramps?

It is not typically used for menstrual pain due to its risk of side effects.

30. Can diabetics take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Use caution as it may affect kidney function.

31. What is the usual dosage for Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml?

Oral: 10 mg every 4-6 hours (max 40 mg/day); IM/IV: 30-60 mg initially, then 15-30 mg every 6 hours.

32. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for arthritis?

It is not recommended for chronic conditions like arthritis.

33. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml be used post-surgery?

Yes, it is commonly used for post-operative pain relief.

34. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause weight gain?

Weight gain due to fluid retention is possible.

35. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause depression?

It is not directly linked, but mood changes can occur as a side effect.

36. Is Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml safe for elderly patients?

Use with caution due to increased risk of kidney issues and stomach bleeding.

37. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml with aspirin?

No, it increases the risk of bleeding and stomach issues.

38. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml affect vision?

Blurred vision or eye irritation can occur, especially with the ophthalmic form.

39. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for back pain?

Yes, but only for short-term use.

40. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for gout?

It can relieve gout pain, but it is not a primary treatment.

41. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause shortness of breath?

Yes, rare cases of allergic reactions or lung issues can occur.

42. Does Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml increase bleeding risk?

Yes, it affects platelet function and increases bleeding risk.

43. Can I stop taking Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml suddenly?

Yes, but consult your doctor if stopping after prolonged use.

44. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml cause constipation?

Yes, digestive side effects like constipation or diarrhea can occur.

45. Can Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml affect hearing?

Rare cases of ringing in the ears (tinnitus) have been reported.

46. What should I do if I have an allergic reaction?

Seek emergency medical help if you experience swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing.

47. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for cancer pain?

It is not commonly used for cancer pain management.

48. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml with antidepressants?

Some antidepressants increase bleeding risk; consult your doctor.

49. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml if I have asthma?

NSAIDs can trigger asthma symptoms; use with caution.

50. Can I take Kenodol IM/IV Injection 60 mg/2 ml for dental pain?

Yes, it is sometimes prescribed after dental procedures.