Bioinformatics MCQ

Test your knowledge with important Bioinformatics MCQ and their applications. These MCQs are beneficial for competitive exams too. Explore 30+ more Bioinformatics MCQs on Bissoy. Bissoy App

• In Reverse-genetics analysis of gene function– Even though a particular gene may be _____ ortholog of a gene of known function in another organism, that gene may be acquired by a _____ function.
  ক

  a highly predicted, similar

  খ

  a highly predicted, same

  গ

  a highly predicted, novel

  ঘ

  less predicted, novel
• In addition to the care needed in organizing genome databases, a great deal of human input is needed to annotate the genome manually with information.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• The ultimate step in genome analysis is to collect the information found on gene and protein sequences, alignments, gene function and location, protein families and domains, relationships of genes to those in other organisms, chromosomal rearrangements, and so on, into a comprehensive database.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• A genome database may also be interfaced with other types of data, such as clinical data.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• In case of functional genomics– Two general types of approaches are used—one in which a genetic construct is made that interferes with the expression of a particular gene (and sometimes a set of related genes) and a second in which a large number of random mutations are generated in a population of organisms.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the given statement is untrue about functional genomics?
  ক

  Known functions are derived from experimental evidence in molecular biology and genetic studies with model organisms

  খ

  Non-Orthologous genes between biologically distinct species can be identified, and it is strong evidence for a related function

  গ

  Sequence-based methods of gene prediction can be augmented by the types of genome comparisons that are designed to identify related genes based on common patterns of expression, evolutionary profiles, chromosomal locations, and other features

  ঘ

  Genome analysis depends to a large extent on sequence analysis methods that identify gene function based on similarity between proteins of unknown function and proteins of known function
• In Genome-wide prediction of protein functions by a combinatorial method– Each point represents a protein, and branches between proteins indicate a relationship by one of several criteria indicated in the legend.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Other types of evidence for a relationship between two genes are also given that are not dependent in sequence similarity. Which of the following is a wrong statement?
  ক

  genes are closely linked on the same chromosomes

  খ

  genes are transcribed from the same DNA strand

  গ

  gene fusions are observed between otherwise separate genes

  ঘ

  phylogenetic profiles show the genes are not that commonly present in organisms
• When two proteins share a considerable degree of sequence identity throughout the sequence alignment, they are least likely to share the same function.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• In SVMs (Support vector machines) Data points are log-transformed and normalized as in method A, where for N observations of a gene i, the log transform Xi of the expression level Ei and reference level Ri is?
  ক

  Xi = \(\frac{Log (E_i/R_i)}{\sqrt{\sum_{j=1,N} Log_{z-2} (E_j/R_j)}}\)

  খ

  Xj = \(\frac{Log (E_j/R_i)}{\sqrt{\sum_{j=1,N} Log_z (E_j/R_j)}}\)

  গ

  Xi = \(\frac{Log (E_i/R_i)}{\sqrt{\sum_{j=1,(N-1)} Log_z (E_j/R_j)}}\)

  ঘ

  Xi = \(\frac{Log (E_i/R_i)}{\sqrt{\sum_{j=1,N} Log_z (E_j/R_j)}}\)
• SVMs (Support vector machines) are a binary classification method to discriminate one set of data points from another.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• In Self-organizing maps a choice is made of a number of clusters by which to organize the data.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• The hierarchical clustering method generates a similarity score for all gene combinations, places the scores in a matrix, joins those genes that have the highest score, and then continues to join progressively less similar pairs.
  ক

  for all gene combinations, places the scores in a matrix, joins those genes that have the highest score, and then continues to join progressively less similar pairs. ] True

  খ

  S(X,Y)

  গ

  S(X,Y)

  ঘ

  S(X,Y)
• In cluster analysis of microarray data– For n genes, the process is repeated ________ times until a single element remains.
  ক

  n2

  খ

  n

  গ

  n-1

  ঘ

  n-4
• In cluster analysis of microarray data– A node is created between the _________ scoring pair, and the gene expressed profiles of these two genes are averaged and the joined elements are weighted by the _________ of elements they contain.
  ক

  lowest, frequency

  খ

  average, sequence

  গ

  lowest, number

  ঘ

  highest, number
• In cluster analysis of microarray data– If Xi is the log odds value for gene X at time i, then for two genes X and Y and N observations, a similarity score is calculated. S(X,Y) is also known as the Pearson correlation coefficent. Xoffset and Yoffset can be the mean of the observations on X or Y, respectively, in which case is the standard deviation, or else Xoffset and Yoffset can be set to zero when a reference state is used. Which of the following best represents it?
  ক

  S(X,Y) = \(\frac{1}{N-2}\) ∑i=1,N . (Xi – Xoffset) (Yi + Yoffset)/ϕxQY

  খ

  S(X,Y) = \(\frac{1}{N}\) ∑i=1,N . (Xi – Xoffset) (Yi – Yoffset)/ϕxQY

  গ

  S(X,Y) = \(\frac{1}{N-1}\) ∑i=1,N . (Xi + Xoffset) (Yi + Yoffset)/ϕxQY

  ঘ

  S(X,Y) = \(\frac{1}{N}\) ∑i=1,N+2 . (Xi + Xoffset) (Yi – Yoffset)/ϕxQY
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Microarray Analysis?
  ক

  It is designed to detect global changes in transcription in a genome

  খ

  It provides information about the levels of protein products of the genes

  গ

  The proteins are first separated in a column on the basis of size and then across a second dimension on a slab on the basis of charge

  ঘ

  Labeled protein samples may also be extracted from treated cells and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
• Once a set of genes that are co-regulated has been found, the promoter regions of these genes may be analyzed for conserved patterns that represent sites of interaction with specific transcription factors.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Microarray (or microchip) analysis?
  ক

  It is a new technology in which all of the genes of an organism are represented by oligonucleotide sequences spread out in an 80 x 80 array on microscope slides

  খ

  The oligonucleotide sequences cannot be synthesized directly on the slide

  গ

  The oligonucleotides are collectively hybridized to a labeled cDNA library prepared by reverse-transcribing mRNA from cells

  ঘ

  The amount of label binding to each oligonucleotide spot reflects the amount of mRNA in the cell
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about global gene regulation?
  ক

  One way to obtain useful information about a genome is to determine which genes are induced or repressed in response to a phase of the cell cycle

  খ

  Sets of a gene whose expression rises and falls under the same condition are likely to have a related function

  গ

  Sets of a gene whose expression rises and falls under the same condition are likely to have dissimilar functions

  ঘ

  Cell cycle is a developmental phase, or a response to the environment
• Which of the given statement is incorrect about the Chromosomal Rearrangements?
  ক

  Comparison of the number of rearrangements in a given period of evolutionary history may vary significantly from one organism to the next

  খ

  If gene A has a neighboring gene B, then if an ortholog of A occurs in another genome, there is an increased probability of an ortholog of B also occurring in the other organism

  গ

  If gene A has a neighboring gene B, then if an ortholog of A occurs in another genome, the B ortholog is more likely to be a neighbor of the A ortholog of the genome of the second species if the two species are more divergent

  ঘ

  In general, the order of orthologs is not well conserved in prokaryotes when the genomes have diverged sufficiently that the orthologs have < 50% identity
• Which of the given statement is incorrect about the observations made with regard to gene order?
  ক

  Order is highly conserved in closely related species

  খ

  Order in closely related species becomes changed by rearrangements over evolutionary time

  গ

  As more and more rearrangements occur, there will no longer be any correspondence in the order of orthologous genes on the chromosome of one organism with that of a second organism

  ঘ

  Order is less conserved in closely related species
• Two species that have recently diverged from a common ancestor might be expected to have a ________ set of genes and ________ chromosomes with these genes positioned along the chromosomes in the same order.
  ক

  distinct, similar

  খ

  similar, distinct

  গ

  similar, dissimilar

  ঘ

  similar, similar
• Other functional classification schemes for genes include a broader category for genes involved in the same biological process, e.g., a three-group scheme for energy-related, information-related, and communication-related genes has also been used.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• An approach to classification of genes that encode enzymes is to examine relationships among multiple enzymes that perform the same biochemical function in the same organism.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• The designation ECa.b.c.d conveys information. Which of the following is not one of it?
  ক

  One of twelve main classes of biochemical reactions

  খ

  The group of substrate molecule

  গ

  The nature of chemical bond that is involved in the reaction

  ঘ

  Designation for acceptor molecules (cofactors)
• Which of the given statement is incorrect regarding MAGPIE?
  ক

  It analyzes the genome using a set of automated processes

  খ

  It is designed for high-throughput genome sequence analysis

  গ

  It is unable to locate potential promoters

  ঘ

  It automatically annotates genomic sequence data and maintains a daily up-to-date record in response to user queries about one or more genomes
• GeneQuiz focuses on deriving a predicted protein function, based on a variety of available evidence, including the evaluation of the similarity to the closest homolog in a database.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Annotation is based on finding significant alignment to sequences of known function in database similarity searches.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Horizontal Gene Transfer?
  ক

  The genomes of most organisms are derived by vertical transmission, the inheritance of chromosomes from parents to offspring from one generation to the next

  খ

  It is the acquisition of genetic material from a different organism

  গ

  The transferred material becomes a temporary addition to the recipient genome

  ঘ

  An extreme example is the proposed endosymbiont origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and chloroplasts in plants