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On what principle do fuses work?

On what principle do fuses work? Correct Answer Heating effect of current

Operation of a fuse:

  • Most of the fuses operate due to heating effect of current.
  • A fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit.
  • Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby interrupting the current. 

Important Points

The material used for fuse elements must have the following properties:

  • Low melting point
  • Low ohmic loss
  • High conductivity (or low resistivity)
  • Low cost
  • Free from detraction


Fuse materials:

  • The material mainly used for fuse element are tin, lead, silver, copper, zinc, aluminium, and an alloy of lead and tin
  • An alloy of lead and tin is used for small current rating fuses
  • For current exceeding 15 A, this alloy is not used as the diameters of the wire will be larger and after fusing the metal released will be excessive
  • Beyond 15 A rating circuit, copper wire fuses are employed

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