Bissoy.com
Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Whether an attitude is positive or negative is shown by:

Whether an attitude is positive or negative is shown by: Correct Answer Valence

Attitude

  • It is a state of the mind, a set of views, or thoughts, regarding some topic (called the ‘attitude object’), which have an evaluative feature (positive, negative or neutral quality).
  • It is accompanied by an emotional component, and a tendency to act in a particular way with regard to the attitude object.
  • The three aspects have been referred to as the A-B-C components (Affective-Behavioural Cognitive components) of attitude. 
    • The thought component is referred to as the cognitive aspect,
    • the emotional component is known as the affective aspect, and 
    • the tendency to act is called the behavioural (or conative) aspect. 

The A-B-C components, attitudes also have other properties. Four significant features of attitudes are :

Valence (positivity or negativity),

  • The valence of an attitude tells us whether an attitude is positive or negative towards the attitude object.
  • Suppose an attitude (say, towards nuclear research) has to be expressed on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (Very bad), 2 (Bad), 3 (Neutral — neither good nor bad), and 4 (Good), to 5 (Very good). If an individual rates her/his view towards nuclear research as 4 or 5, this is clearly a positive attitude. This means that the person likes the idea of nuclear research and thinks it is something good. On the other hand, if the rating is 1 or 2, the attitude is negative. This means that the person dislikes the idea of nuclear research, and thinks it is something bad

Extremeness,

  • The extremeness of an attitude indicates how positive or negative an attitude is.
  • Taking the nuclear research example given above, a rating of 1 is as extreme as a rating of 5 : they are only in the opposite directions (valence). Ratings of 2 and 4 are less extreme.
  • A neutral attitude, of course, is lowest on extremeness.

Simplicity or Complexity (multiplexity), 

  • This feature refers to how many attitudes there are within a broader attitude.
  • Think of an attitude as a family containing several ‘member’ attitudes. In case of various topics, such as health and world peace, people hold many attitudes instead of single attitude.
  • An attitude system is said to be ‘simple’ if it contains only one or a few attitudes, and ‘complex’ if it is made up of many attitudes. 

Centrality

  • This refers to the role of a particular attitude in the attitude system.
  • An attitude with greater centrality would influence the other attitudes in the system much more than non-central (or peripheral) attitudes would. For example, in the attitude towards world peace, a negative attitude towards high military expenditure may be present as a core or central attitude that influences all other attitudes in the multiple attitude system. 

Hence, Whether an attitude is positive or negative is shown by valence.

Related Questions

Below are given two sets, Set - I which gives modalities of operant conditioning and Set - II which provides the types of reinforcement, the types of responses (responses made or withheld) and the presence or absence of cue. Match the two sets and indicate your answer by choosing from the code : Set - I (Modalities of operant conditioning procedures) Set – II           (Conditions and contexts) (a) Reward training (i) Positive reinforcement, response made, with cue present (b) Escape training (ii) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent (c) Discriminated omission training   (iii) Positive reinforcement, response made with cue absent (d) Active avoidance   (iv) Negative reinforcement, response made with training (e) Punishment training (v) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue present   (vi) Negative reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent  
"Whose attitude is conservative, his personality is conservative and whose attitude is positive, his personality is also positive.” Who stated it?
Consider the given statement and decide which of the given assumption/s is/are implicit. Statement: Serials/soaps are a reason for developing negative tendencies in women. Assumptions: I: Newspapers highlight the negative aspects first and then, the positive aspects. II: The attention given to the negative aspects is much higher than that given to the positive aspects.
Consider the given statement and which of the given assumptions is (are) implicit.
Statement:
The serials/soaps are a reason for developing negative tendencies in women. Assumptions :
1. Newspapers highlight the negative aspects first than the positive aspects.
2. The attention for negative aspects is much higher than positive aspects
Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any follow from the given statements. Indicate your answer. Statements: 1. Teachers are role models of the students. 2. Teachers are responsible for developing scientific attitude in their students. Conclusions: I. Students do not have scientific attitude. II. By and large teachers can influence scientific attitude of the students.
If x - y = 8, then which of the following must be true?  1. Both x and y must be positive for any value of x and y. 2. If x is positive, y must be negative for any value of x and y. 3. If x is negative, y must be positive for any value of x and y.  Select the correct answer using the code given below. 
If x - y = 8, then which of the following must be true ?
I. Both x and y are positive.
II. If x is positive, y must be positive.
III. If x is negative, y must be negative.
A married couple adopted a male child. A few years later, twin boys were born to them. The blood group of the couple is AB positive and O negative. The blood group of the three sons is A positive, B positive, and O positive. The blood group of the adopted son is
S1: India's non-alignment has not been an attitude of negative neutrality.
P: In other words, it is not an aloofness from or indifference to other nations.
Q: Instead, it has been an attitude of constructive neutrality.
R: On the contrary, India has been taking a keen interest in all international developments.
S: India wants the goodwill of all nations and is hostile towards none.
S6: This policy has been accepted, if not actually appreciated by the leading powers of the world.

The Proper sequence should be:
Under what method of underwriting does an underwriter assign positive rating points for all negative or adverse factors (negative points for any positive or favourable factors)?