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Sangam texts suggest several stages of the social evolution of Tamil people. In this context consider the following statements : 1. The narrative texts show that the Tamil people of the times were primarily pastoral. 2. No reference to the trade and economic activities has been made in these texts. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

Sangam texts suggest several stages of the social evolution of Tamil people. In this context consider the following statements : 1. The narrative texts show that the Tamil people of the times were primarily pastoral. 2. No reference to the trade and economic activities has been made in these texts. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? Correct Answer Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

  • Sangam texts of the social evolution of Tamil people state that Tamil people of that time were primarily pastoral. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • The Sangam literature includes literatures such as Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .
  • The famous Greek authors such as Megasthenes, Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy mentioned commercial trade contacts between the West and South India.
  • However, the trade and economic activities references are not made in the Sangam texts of social evolution. Hence statement 2 is correct.​

Additional Information

  • The period roughly between the 3rd century B.C. and 3rd century A.D. is known as Sangam Period.
  • It has been designated after the Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.
  • According to the Tamil historians, there were three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) held in ancient South India popularly known as Muchchangam.
  • The First Sangam which was held at Madurai was attended by gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available.
  • The Second Sangam held at Kapadapuram, only Tolkappiyam survives from this.
  • The Third Sangam held at Madurai in which little of these Tamil literary works have survived and reconstructed the history of the Sangam period.

Related Questions

The question given below consists of a statement, followed by three arguments numbered I, II and III. You have to decide which of the arguments is/are ‘strong' arguments and which is/are ‘weak' arguments and accordingly choose your answer from the alternatives given below each question. Statement: The United States has launched what China calls the ‘largest trade war in economic history' and in its latest move targeted another $200 billion in Chinese export goods. The US-China spat is one of several trade fights picked by the protectionist President Donald Trump as his ‘America First' agenda disrupts trade relations among traditional allies. The growing share of international trade under threat has raised the prospect the escalating trade war could harm the global economy, shrinking investments and undermining supply chains. Why? Arguments: I. Several companies - including Total and Peugeot of France, and Russia's Lukoil - have said they are preparing to exit Iran ahead of US deadlines, the last of which is November 4. II. Trump argued the original deal from 2012 was lopsided in Seoul's favour but has also clouded the issue by appearing to link trade concessions to progress in his separate track of talks with nuclear-armed North Korea. III. Meanwhile, talks among the three NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) signatories, launched after Trump demanded an overhaul of the ‘terrible deal', have snagged notably owing to the US demands to increase American content installed in duty-free autos. 
Each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and markyour response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1 :In a globalized world, no country can hope to impose tariffs without affecting its own economic interests.
S6 :The ongoing trade war also threatens the rules-based global trade order which has managed to amicably handle trade disputes between countries for decades.
P :So both the U.S. and China, which have blamed each other for the ongoing trade war, are doing no good to their own economic fortunes by engaging in this tit-for-tat tariff battle.
Q : Apart from disadvantaging its consumers, who will have to pay higher prices for certain goods, tariffs will also disrupt the supply chain of producers who rely on foreign imports.
R : China, which is fighting an economic slowdown, will be equally affected.
S :The minutes of the U.S. Federal Reserve June policy meeting show that economic uncertainty due to the trade war is already affecting private investment in the U.S., with many investors deciding to scale back or delay their investment plans
The correct sequence should be
Given below are six sentences of a  passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four-sentence in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences. S1: In a globalised world, no country can hope to impose tariffs without affecting its own economic interests. S6: The ongoing trade war also threatens the rules-based global trade order which has manages to amicably handle trade disputes between countries for decades. P: So both the U.S. and China, which have blamed each other for the ongoing trade war, are doing no good to their own economic fortunes by engaging in tit-for-tat tariff battle. Q: Apart from disadvantaging its consumers, who will have to pay higher prices for certain goods, tariffs will also disrupt the supply chain of producers who rely on foreign imports. R: China, which is fighting an economic showdown, will be equally affected. S: The minutes of the U.S. Federal Reserve June policy meeting show that economic uncertainty due to the trade war is already affecting private investment in the U.S., with many investors deciding to scale back or delay their investment plans.
Simplify the value of $$\frac{{{\text{0}}{\text{.9}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.9}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.9 + 0}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.2 + 0}}{\text{.3}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.3}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.3}} - {\text{3}} \times 0.9 \times {\text{0}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.3}}}}{{{\text{0}}{\text{.9}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.9 + 0}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.2 + 0}}{\text{.3}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.3}} - 0.9 \times {\text{0}}{\text{.2}} - {\text{0}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{0}}{\text{.3}} - 0.3 \times 0.9}} = ?$$
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
According to the passage, which of the following is needed from the people to have true or active public opinion? 1. Alertness
2. Determination
3. Intelligence
4. Raising their voice
$$\frac{{38 \times 38 \times 38 + 34 \times 34 \times 34 + 28 \times 28 \times 28 - 38 \times 34 \times 84}}{{38 \times 38 + 34 \times 34 + 28 \times 28 - 38 \times 34 - 34 \times 28 - 38 \times 28}}$$            is equal to = ?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
Which of the following is not the reason for the oppression caused to general public by the running government in the country?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
Who among the following has tremendous influence in forming the true public opinion?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
What is important for the democratic society to function properly?
Consider the following for the dissolution of trade unions under the Trade Union Act, 1926. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
1. When a registered Trade Union is dissolved, notice of the dissolution is signed by nine members and by the Secretary of the Trade Union.
2. The notice of dissolution must be sent within ten days to the Registrar.
3. Where the dissolution of a registered Trade Union has been registered and the rules of the Trade Union donot provide forthe distribution of funds of the Trade Union on dissolution, the registrar shall divide the funds amongst the members in such manner as may be prescribed.