A bent pipe is shown in the vertical (x – z) plane below. A water flow enters at a velocity V, goes through a 180° turn, and leaves at the same velocity V. The pipe is supported along the bottom edge as shown.

A bent pipe is shown in the vertical (x – z) plane below. A water flow enters at a velocity V, goes through a 180° turn, and leaves at the same velocity V. The pipe is supported along the bottom edge as shown. Correct Answer F_x > 0 and F_z = 0

Concept-

Force can be defined as the change in momentum.

Force = rate of change of momentum

Here initial velocity = V

Final velocity = - V (-ve sign indicate as the direction is opposite)

Force in X-direction = Rate of change of flow × {V - (-V)}

Force in X-direction = Rate of change of flow × 2V

So force in x-direction will be more than 0. F_X > 0

As there is no component of velocity in z-direction so the net force in z-direction will be zero.

So , F_Z = 0