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In the figures, Group I represents the atmospheric temperature profiles (P, Q, Rand S), and Group II represents the dispersion of pollutants from a smokestack (1, 2, 3, and 4). In the figures of Group I, the dashed line represents the dry adiabatic lapse rate, whereas the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents the altitude. The correct match is

In the figures, Group I represents the atmospheric temperature profiles (P, Q, Rand S), and Group II represents the dispersion of pollutants from a smokestack (1, 2, 3, and 4). In the figures of Group I, the dashed line represents the dry adiabatic lapse rate, whereas the horizontal axis represents temperature and the vertical axis represents the altitude. The correct match is Correct Answer P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4

Explanation:

Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR): It is the rate at which the temperature of an air parcel changes with change in elevation. ALR = dT/dz = -9.89oC/km

Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR): The rate of decrease of temperature with altitude in the stationary atmosphere at a given time and location.

  1. If ALR < ELR, then the environment is unstable and the prevailing environmental lapse rate is called super adiabatic lapse rate as shown in figure P.
  2. If ALR = ELR, the prevailing environmental lapse rate is called neutral or adiabatic lapse rate as shown in figure Q.
  3. If ALR > ELR, then the environment is stable and the prevailing environmental lapse rate is called sub adiabatic lapse rate as shown in figure R.
  4. If the temperature of ambient air increases with altitude then the lapse rate become inverted or negative lapse rate as shown in figure S.

Depending on these condition different type of plume behavior are shown where X-axis indicates the variation of wind velocity, temperature, horizontal movement of plume while Y-axis indicates the variation with an increase in height, vertical movement of plume.

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