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The automobile exhaust will have maximum of hydrocarbons when the vehicle is

The automobile exhaust will have maximum of hydrocarbons when the vehicle is Correct Answer Idling

Explanation:

Air–fuel ratio: It is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process.

Stoichiometric A/F ratio: It is the ratio of required theoretical air consumption to fuel consumption for all the available oxygen is used to burn the fuel completely.

Equivalence ratio (λ): It is defined as the ratio of the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio to the actual air/fuel ratio. 

  • For cold starting (simply when your engine parts are not warmed)- 9:1 (rich on fuel) & λ > 1.
  • For Idling (when you stop at signal without turning off engine) - 12:1 (rich mixture) & λ > 1.
  • For cruising (when you run the engine at constant medium/economy speed)- 16:1(lean mixture) & λ < 1.
  • When you accelerate bike/car - 13:1 (Rich mixture but require less fuel than idling) & λ > 1.

From the emission graph, it is clear that the richer the mixture more is Hydrocarbon emission. Of all the options given Idling has the lowest Air-fuel ratio.

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