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Consider the following statements: 1. A water molecule is formed when two atoms of hydrogen bond covalently with an atom of oxygen. 2. The oxygen atom attracts the electrons more strongly than the hydrogen, this gives water an asymmetrical distribution of charge. 3. Molecules that have ended with partial negative and positive charges are known as polar molecules.  Which of the above statement is/are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. A water molecule is formed when two atoms of hydrogen bond covalently with an atom of oxygen. 2. The oxygen atom attracts the electrons more strongly than the hydrogen, this gives water an asymmetrical distribution of charge. 3. Molecules that have ended with partial negative and positive charges are known as polar molecules.  Which of the above statement is/are correct? Correct Answer 1, 2, and 3

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

  • A water molecule
    • It is formed when two atoms of hydrogen bond covalently with an atom of oxygen. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
    • In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms. In water, the sharing is not equal. 
    • The oxygen atom attracts the electrons more strongly than the hydrogen. This gives water an asymmetrical distribution of charge. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    • Molecules that have ended with partial negative and positive charges are known as polar molecules. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    • It is this polar property that allows water to separate polar solute molecules and explains why water can dissolve so many substances. 
  • The solvent properties of water are vital in biology because many biochemical reactions take place only within aqueous solutions 
  • When an ionic or polar compound enters the water, it is surrounded by water molecules.
  • The relatively small size of water molecules typically allows many water molecules to surround one molecule of solute.
  • The partially negative dipoles of the water are attracted to positively charged components of the solute, and vice versa for the positive dipoles.
  • An example of an ionic solute is table salt. 
  • The dipole forces of water can disrupt the attractive forces that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it.
  • Liquid water has a partially ordered structure in which hydrogen bonds are constantly being formed and breaking up. 

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