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In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements : 1. The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 μg/m³ and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m³. 2. In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather. 3. PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream. 4. Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma. Which of the statements given above are correct?

In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements : 1. The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 μg/m³ and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m³. 2. In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather. 3. PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream. 4. Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma. Which of the statements given above are correct? Correct Answer 1 and 4 only

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

  • The WHO Air quality guidelines are a set of evidence-based recommendations of limit values for specific air pollutants developed to help countries achieve air quality that protects public health.
  • The first release of the guidelines was in 1987. 
  • The guidelines offer guidance about these air pollutants: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO).
  • The guidelines stipulates that PM2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m3 24-hour mean; and that PM10 should not exceed 15 μg/m3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m3 24-hour mean. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • PM10 (particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less): these particles are small enough to pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects.
  • PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less): these particles are so small they can get deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
  • As ozone concentrations increase above the guideline value, health effects at the population level become increasingly numerous and severe.
  • Such effects can occur in places where concentrations
    are currently high due to human activities or are
    elevated during episodes of very hot weather. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
  • Ozone triggers asthma because it is very irritating to the lungs and airways. It is well known that ozone concentration is directly related to asthma attacks. Hence statement 4 is correct.

Related Questions

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