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Among the following propositions (a, b, c and d) two are related in such a way that both of them together cannot be false although they may both be true. Select the code that states those two propositions. a) All students are intelligent. b) Some students are intelligent. c) No students are intelligent. d) Some students are not intelligent.

Among the following propositions (a, b, c and d) two are related in such a way that both of them together cannot be false although they may both be true. Select the code that states those two propositions. a) All students are intelligent. b) Some students are intelligent. c) No students are intelligent. d) Some students are not intelligent. Correct Answer b and d

A proposition is the most basic element of logic. It is a declarative sentence that is either true or false.

There are four ways in which propositions may be opposed as Contradictories, Contraries, Sub-contraries, Subalterns and Superalterns.

Contradictories- The standard form of a categorical proposition that has the same subject and predicate term but differs from each other in both quantity and quality. Two propositions if one is denial of the other if they can’t be true or can’t be both false.

For example –

All students are intelligent.

Some students are not intelligent.

Contraries- Two propositions are said to be contraries if they can’t both be true, and the truth of one entails the truth of other i.e. both can’t be true and both can’t be false. If either of these propositions is true, then the other must be false.

For example –

All students are intelligent.

No students are intelligent.

Subcontraries- If the particular propositions having the same subject and predicate terms but differing in quality, one affirming the other denying. Two propositions are said to be subcontraries if both of them together cannot be false although they may both be true.

For example –

Some students are intelligent.

Some students are not intelligent.

Subalternation- It is the opposition between a Universal proposition and its corresponding proposition. In the corresponding particular proposition, the universal proposition is called the superaltern and the particular proposition is called subaltern.  These propositions have the same subject and predicate terms and agree on quality. Both are affirming or both denying but differ in quantity.

For example –

No students are intelligent.

Some students are not intelligent.

Hence, the propositions that -‘Some students are intelligent’ and ‘Some students are not intelligent’ related in such a way that both of them together cannot be false although they may both be true.

Related Questions

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code. Propositions: (a) Some priests are cunning. (b) No priest is cunning (c) All priests are cunning. (d) Some priests are not cunning.
Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code that states those two propositions. Propositions : a) Every student is attentive. b) Some students are attentive. c) Students are never attentive. d) Some students are not attentive
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
Who among the following has tremendous influence in forming the true public opinion?
Consider the following statements.
1. All valid arguments contain only true premises and a true conclusion.
2. Some valid arguments contain only false propositions - false premises and a true conclusion.
3. All valid arguments contain only false propositions all premises are false, conclusion is false as well.
Which of the above statements is correct?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
According to the passage, which of the following is needed from the people to have true or active public opinion? 1. Alertness
2. Determination
3. Intelligence
4. Raising their voice
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Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions ? Select the correct code : Propositions : (a) All women are equal to men (b) Some women are equal to men (c) Some women are not equal to men (d) No women are equal to men
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
Which of the following is not the reason for the oppression caused to general public by the running government in the country?
Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Public opinion may be passive and false or active and real. It is claimed in theory that all governments are ultimately based on the opinion or sanction of the governed. But we find that in practice the people's rights are often trodden down and tyranny and oppression are allowed to continue. The government does it not because the people want it to do so but because they are too idle, too uneducated and too disunited or timid to oppose the govern ment. Such public opinion is passive and false and not an active verdict. But when we find people alert, intelligent and determined to let the government know their will, when they want to exercise actively their voice in the management of their country, we have an instance of true or active public opinion. True public opinion is formed by and expressed through the press, the platform, political parties and educational institutions. These have sacred duties to perform, duties on which depends the ultimate good of the entire community. The press today wields a tremendous influence, So it should support the causes and move ments and condemn the wrong one's and thus teach people to form correct opinion. A free and fair press ventilates the grievances of the public. Thus a healthy relationship develops between the people and the government through out an unbiased press. Political parties also help to create and regulate opinions. No less important part is played by the educational Institutions which train the minds of the young people who will be the citizens of tomorrow. It has been said that modern Germany and China have been made by their universities. It is necessary that the young and the growing minds should imbibe the spirit of fellow-feeling, the spirit of tolerance, the habit of compromise, and show due regard for the feelings and opinion of others without which a democratic society cannot function, let alone succeed. When there is true awakening of the people, we shall have the real and conscious public opinion. And justice will reign on earth and truly will the voice of the people be the voice of God.
What is important for the democratic society to function properly?
In making decisions about important questions, it is desirable to be able to distinguish between strong and weak arguments. Strong arguments are those, which are both important and directly related to the question. Weak arguments are those, which are of minor importance and also may not be directly related to the question or may be related to a trivial aspect of the question. The questions below are followed by two arguments each numbered I and II. You have to decide which of the two arguments is the strong argument and which is the weak argument. Statement: Would it be good for students if all the schools terminate the practice of examination? Arguments: Yes. Exams are stressful for students and students feel extremely pressured due to the fear of examination. No. Examination is a way of checking students’ progress. Without the fear of exams, students would not really focus on what is being taught to them.