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Internal energy is defined by

Internal energy is defined by Correct Answer First law of thermodynamics

Concept:

First law of thermodynamics​

  • The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy. 
  • It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.
  • When heat energy is supplied to a thermodynamic system or any machine:  Two things may occur:
    • The internal energy of the system or machine may change.
    • The system may do some external work.

According to the first law of Thermodynamics:

ΔQ = ΔW + ΔU

Where ΔQ = Heat supplied to the system, ΔW = work done by the system, ΔU = change in internal energy of the system 

Additional Information

Zeroth law of thermodynamics: 
  • If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

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Second Law of Thermodynamics:

  • Clausius statement: It is impossible for a self-acting machine to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter one without the aid of an external agency
  • Kelvin-Planck’s statement: It is impossible to design an engine that extracts heat and fully utilizes it into work without producing any other effect.

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