Bissoy.com
Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Among the following statements, two are contradictory to each other. Select the code that represents them. Statements:  (a) All surgeons are doctors. (b) Some surgeons are doctors. (c) Some surgeons are not doctors. (d) No surgeons are doctors.

Among the following statements, two are contradictory to each other. Select the code that represents them. Statements:  (a) All surgeons are doctors. (b) Some surgeons are doctors. (c) Some surgeons are not doctors. (d) No surgeons are doctors. Correct Answer (b) and (d)

The square of opposition is a chart that was introduced within classical (categorical) logic to represent the logical relationships holding between certain propositions in virtue of their form.

The square, traditionally conceived, looks like this:

  • This is also called classical or Aristotelian categorical logic.
  • The four corners of this chart represent the four basic forms of propositions recognized in classical logic:
    • 'A' propositions or universal affirmatives take the form: All S are P. Example:  All surgeons are doctors.
    • 'E' propositions or universal negations take the form: No S are P. Example:  No surgeons are doctors.
    • 'I' propositions or particular affirmatives take the form: Some S are P. Example: Some surgeons are doctors.
    • 'O' propositions or particular negations take the form: Some S are not P. Example: Some surgeons are not doctors.

Relationships:

Type

Characteristics
Contradictory
  • A and O propositions are contradictory, as are E and I propositions.
  • The truth of one implies the falsity of the other, and conversely.
  • All surgeons are doctors is contradictory to some surgeons are not doctors.
  • No surgeons are doctors is contradictory to some surgeons are doctors.
Contrary
  • Propositions are contrary when they cannot both be true, as are A and E propositions.
Sub-contrary
  • It is impossible for both to be false
  • I and O propositions are sub-contrary.
  • It is possible for the corresponding I and O propositions both to be true.
Subaltern
  • Here the truth of the first (“the super-altern”) implies the truth of the second (“the sub-altern”), but not conversely.
  • As in as are A and I propositions and E and O propositions.

Thus, the proposition ‘No surgeons are doctors’ and 'Some surgeons are doctors' are contradictory to each other.

Related Questions

In the following figure, circle represents Surgeons, Triangle represents Doctors, rectangles represent Professionals and pentagon represents Indians. Which number represents Indian doctors who are also Surgeons?
Statements and conclusions derived from them are given below. Select the correct option about conclusions. Statements: a. All carpenters are doctors. b. All carpenters are writers. Conclusions: I. All writers are doctors. II. Some doctors are writers. III. Generally doctors are writers. IV. All doctors are carpenters. 
Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider these statements to be true, even if they seem at variance from commonly known facts. Decide which of the given conclusions logically follow/s from the given statement. Statements: A. Some dentists are surgeons. B. No surgeon is an amateur. Conclusions: I. Some amateurs are surgeons. II. All surgeons are dentists.
In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements. Statements: All patients are nurses. Some patients are doctors. No peon is a nurse. Conclusions: I. Some doctors are peons. II. No patient is peon. III. Some doctors are nurses. IV. Some doctors are not peons.
In the following question, sentences of a paragraph have been jumbled and labelled as A, B, C and D. You are required to rearrange the jumbled sentences of the paragraph and mark your response accordingly by selecting the correct option. A.While the invention raises concerns that it will eventually replace human surgeons, it is likely to be used only to assist and enhance surgeons’ work in the future. B.Thus, using robotic surgery, surgeons can perform very complex procedures that are otherwise either highly difficult or impossible.  C.As the technology improves, it can be combined with augmented reality to allow surgeons to view important additional information about the patient in real time while still operating. D. Robotic surgery is used in minimally invasive procedures and helps to aid in precision, control and flexibility. 
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: All teachers are doctors. Some professors are doctors. All professors are engineers. Conclusions: I. All professors are doctors. II. Some doctors are engineers. III. Some teachers are engineers. IV. Some teachers are professors
Three statements are given, followed by four conclusions numbered I, Il, Ill and IV. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: Some advocates are doctors. Some doctors are players. All players are engineers. Conclusions: I. Some players are doctors. Il. Some engineers are advocates. Ill. All advocates are engineers. IV. Some engineers are doctors.
Among the following statements, two are contradictory to each other. Statements:  a) All men are humans. b) Some men are humans. c) Some men are not humans. d) No men are humans. Select the code that represents them:
Among the following statements, two are contradictory to each other. Select the code that represents them: Statements: (a) All judges are lawyers. (b) Some judges are lawyers. (c) Some judges are not lawyers. (d) No judges are lawyers.
Three Statements followed by three Conclusions are given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically follows/ follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts: Statement-1 : Some doctors are teachers. Statement-2 : All teachers are engineers. Statement-3 : All engineers are scientists. Conclusion-I : Some scientists are doctors. Conclusion-II : All engineers are doctors. Conclusion-III : Some engineers are doctors. Which one of the following is correct?