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Identify the correct reasoning in the following argument: "An English woman lecturing Americans on semicolons is a little like an American lecturing the French on sauces".

Identify the correct reasoning in the following argument: "An English woman lecturing Americans on semicolons is a little like an American lecturing the French on sauces". Correct Answer Analogical

Reasoning consists, essentially, in the employment of intellect, in its ability to ‘see’ beyond, and ‘within’ as well, what is available to senses. Reasoning, therefore, can be regarded as an instrument that enables mankind to grasp ‘unknown’ with the help of ‘known’. It refers to the process by which an individual reaches a conclusion and how they believe the conclusion to be true. The various kinds of reasoning are:

Analogical reasoning 

  • It can be defined as a specific way of thinking, based on the idea that because two or more things are similar in some respects, they are probably also similar in some further respect.
  • Analogical reasoning relies on analogies. So, when we make use of analogical arguments, it is important to make clear in what ways are two things supposed to be similar.
  • For example, in the given statement "An English woman lecturing Americans on semicolons is a little like an American lecturing the French on sauces", the English Woman is being compared with American and they have the similarity of giving a lecture in a similar way.
  • Analogies are again comparisons and the conclusion is based on inductive reasoning (prevalence).
  • Analogical arguments to Inductive reasoning through comparison.

Inductive Reasoning

  • The decision or conclusion has been reached to find new knowledge through close examination facts, when a universal judgment is thus arrived at, on the basis of particular facts the method is called inductive.
  • When the statements or propositions are based on general observation and experience, the reasoning is called inductive reasoning ability.
  • In this type of reasoning, we usually follow the process of induction.
  • Induction is a way of proving a statement or generalizing a rule or principle by proving or showing that if a statement or a rule is true in one particular case, it will be true in all cases in the same serial order and it may thus be applied generally to all such cases. Therefore, inductive reasoning, one can formulate generalized principles and conclusions on the basis of certain facts.
  • For example, consider the two statements: Most dogs have four legs and Naren has a dog, and conclude that Naren’s dog has four legs, then it is inductive reasoning.

Deductive Reasoning:

  • It is based on logic i.e. reasoning out to get a valid inference. If there is a general reality, it is considered to hold valid for the specific situation too.
  • When one starts with general truth or statement and proceed to apply it to particular instances the method is called deductive. 
  • Deductive reasoning is the exact opposite of inductive reasoning.
  • It may be defined as the ability to draw logical conclusions from known statements or evidence. Here, one starts with some already known or established generalized statement or principle and applies it to specific cases.
  • For example, consider the two statements: All dogs have four legs (general statement) and Naren has a dog (Specific). From this, one can conclude that Naren’s dog also has four legs. The two arguments presented are called premises, and one draws a conclusion assuming the premises are true.

Hypothetical Reasoning:

  • It is a type of problem-solving where different alternative solutions are explored in parallel to determine the best approach to solve a particular problem.

Hence, Given argument "An English woman lecturing Americans on semicolons is a little like an American lecturing the French on sauces", is an example of analogical.

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