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Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test used for determining foetal sex, genetic anomalies and biochemical abnormalities, is based on:

Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test used for determining foetal sex, genetic anomalies and biochemical abnormalities, is based on: Correct Answer The karyotyping in the amniotic fluid

Explanation:

  • Amniocentesis is a fetal sex determination method based on the chromosomal pattern (karyotyping) in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.
  • In the 14th or 15th  week a small amount of amniotic fluid is taken out from the uterus, using a surgical needle. In this fluid, few cells of embryo-like skin, liver & placenta are present.
  • They are tested to know:
  1. Genetic anomalies like Down syndrome
  2. Metabolic disorders
  3. Determining fetal sex

Important Points

  • There is a statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex determination to legally check increasing female foeticides

​Additional Information

  • Umbilical cord blood sampling: It is a prenatal diagnostic test used for determining fetal abnormalities by examining the blood from the fetal umbilical cord.
  • It is also used to check the fetal oxygen level
  • Chorionic villus sampling: It entails sampling of the chorionic villus (placental tissue) and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with FISH or PCR. CVS usually takes place at 10–12 weeks' gestation, earlier than amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling.
  • Ultrasound imaging: It uses ultrasound waves to produce an image of the fetus on the monitor screen. It is usually done between the 18th to 20th week of pregnancy 

Related Questions

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Sub Sharan Africa has lost how many black rhino genetic lineages in 200 years?
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Female infanticide was historically common, especially in the north and west India, as daughters were often seen as liabilities when compared to sons. This had waned by the 1950s, but in the 1970s parents began to switch to prenatal sex selection, thanks to the availability of tests such as amniocentesis, and abortion. Female infanticide accelerated in the 1990s when ultrasound became available.   Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above sentences?
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What is important for evolution?
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
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