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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Consider the following statements about Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR) A) AMR is caused due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials for humans B) Human activity, as well as livestock and Agriculture, are also responsible for AMR Choose the correct statement/s

Consider the following statements about Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR) A) AMR is caused due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials for humans B) Human activity, as well as livestock and Agriculture, are also responsible for AMR Choose the correct statement/s Correct Answer Both A and B

The Correct answer is Both A and B.

Important Points
  • Globally, about 35% of common human infections have become resistant to available medicines.
  • About 700,000 people die every year because available antimicrobial drugs antibiotics, antivirals, antiparasitic and antifungals have become less effective at combating pathogens.
  • Resistance to second-and third-line antibiotics the last lines of defence against some common diseases are projected to almost double between 2005 and 2030.
  • In India, the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world, this is a serious problem.
  • The Responsible factors for AMR as below
  1. Microorganisms develop resistance to antimicrobial agents as a natural defence mechanism.
  2. Human activity has significantly accelerated the process.
  3. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials for humans.
  4. Livestock and agriculture but other factors also contribute.
  • Once consumed, up to 80% of antibiotic drugs are excreted un-metabolised, along with resistant bacteria.
  • Their release in effluents from households and health and pharmaceutical facilities, and agricultural run-off, is propagating resistant microorganisms.
  • Wastewater treatment facilities are unable to remove all antibiotics and resistant bacteria.
  • In India, there is the capacity to treat only about 37% of the sewage generated annually.
  • Water, then, maybe a major mode for the spread of AMR, especially in places with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene.
  • Wildlife that comes into contact with discharge containing antimicrobials can also become colonised with drug-resistant organisms.

Related Questions

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Which of the following statements with regard to the Mediterranean agriculture is/are correct? 1. The Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialized commercial agriculture. 2. It is intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation. 3. It is primitive subsistence agriculture. 4. Viticulture is a speciality of the Mediterranean region. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Which of the following statements with regard to the Mediterraneam agriculture is/are correct? 1.The Mediterranean agriculture is highly specialized commercial agriculture. 2.It is intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation. 3.It is a primitive subsistence agriculture.4.Viticulture is a speciality of the Mediterranean region. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Which of the following countries has collaborated with India to strengthen its existing joint scientific research efforts with five new projects worth 8 million pounds to tackle anti-microbial resistance (AMR)?
Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat, livestock forage,and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff, releasing it later during drier months, thus improving late-summer stream flows. In many parts of the arid West, trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species, including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals, both game and nongame. Dead trees ("snags") are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creepers, and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die, contact your local extension agent immediately . How dependent are plants and animals on each other?
Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat, livestock forage,and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff, releasing it later during drier months, thus improving late-summer stream flows. In many parts of the arid West, trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species, including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals, both game and nongame. Dead trees ("snags") are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creepers, and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die, contact your local extension agent immediately . What is the effect of the word choice 'riparian'?
Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat, livestock forage,and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff, releasing it later during drier months, thus improving late-summer stream flows. In many parts of the arid West, trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species, including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals, both game and nongame. Dead trees ("snags") are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creepers, and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die, contact your local extension agent immediately . What is the overall sense conveyed by the author when the specific birds that live in riparian areas are listed in the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat, livestock forage,and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff, releasing it later during drier months, thus improving late-summer stream flows. In many parts of the arid West, trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species, including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals, both game and nongame. Dead trees ("snags") are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creepers, and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die, contact your local extension agent immediately . What is discussed in the second paragraph of this passage?