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Sources of systematic errors are

Sources of systematic errors are Correct Answer All of the above.

CONCEPT:

  • Error: It is the Uncertainty in measurement by any measuring instrument.
  • Error in measurement can be broadly classified as:
  1. Systematic errors
  2. Random errors.
  • Systematic errors are those that tend to be in one direction, either positive or negative.
  • Random errors are those errors that occur irregularly and are random with respect to sign and shape.
  • The least count error is basically associated with the resolution of the instrument.

EXPLANATION:

  • Systematic errors are those that tend to be in one direction, either positive or negative.

Sources of systematic errors are:

  • Instrumental error: Arise due to imperfect design or calibration of measuring instrument, zero error in the instrument, etc.
  • personal errors: Occurs due to human errors like carelessly setting up the apparatus, taking observations without observing precautions.
    • Imperfection in experimental technique or procedure.

Hence option 4) is correct.

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