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----------is one of the primary causes of Diabetes insipidus:

----------is one of the primary causes of Diabetes insipidus: Correct Answer <span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); ">Changes in the posterior lobe of pituitary gland</span>

Concept:-

  • Diabetes insipidus is caused by the under secretion of vasopressin, which is an antidiuretic hormone that maintains the osmolality and water volumes in the extracellular fluid of the body.

Key Information

  • Vasopressin is released from the pituitary gland when the amount of the body fluids falls too low. It is released into the bloodstream and signals the kidney by acting over the DCT and collecting ducts which increases the permeability and stimulates the reabsorption of water and electrolytes.

Important information:

There are four types of Diabetes Insipidus

  1. Central diabetes insipidus: damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery
  2. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Kidney is unable to respond to ADH
  3. Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus: due excessive drinking of water-diluted urine is produced
  4. Gestational diabetes insipidus: it is rare and occurs only during pregnancy when an enzyme produced by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother's blood.

Etiology:

  1. Primary: Idiopathic
  2. Secondary: Head trauma / Neurosurgery / Vascular / Tumor / Infection

Additional Information

  • Lack of insulin leads to Diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia.
  • Over-production of insulin causes hyperinsulinemia and hence hypoglycemia, which can be caused by enlarged cells of the pancreas etc.
  • Pancreatic disorders include a number of pathologic conditions such as pancreatic malfunction, tumor of pancreas or pancreatitis, etc.

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