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By studying all following options, select a pair that uses most closely similar reasoning. a. Researchers have looked at the communication between different animals and found that meerkats have a series of alerts and calls that fail into two categories, greetings and alarms. Since we can be sure that this meerkat is not calling as a greeting, we must accept that he is attempting to raise the alarm. b. Farmers must choose between using organic or non-organic fertilisers on their land. Organic fertilisers can produce a lower crop yield and farmers may find it difficult to change to organic methods if they have been using non-organic methods for some time. Farmers should, therefore, consider the longer-term impacts of their decisions. c. Either young persons are getting cleverer each year or examinations are becoming easier for students to pass. Since there is very little evidence from IQ testing and other supposed benchmarks that young persons are more intelligent now than in the past, we must conclude that the examination system is easier for students today than it was in the past. d. Closed wood burning chulhas are a better way to cook your food than open fire chulhas. Closed wood burning chulhas are highly efficient, whereas the open fire of open fire chulhas loses a great deal of heat in the air. More people should, therefore, use closed wood burning chulhas in their homes.
The vapor pressure of the solvent decreased by 10 mm Hg, when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent, if the decrease in vapor pressure of the solvent is required to be 20 mm Hg.?
In a liquid-liquid extraction, 10 kg of a solution containing 2 kg of solute C and 8 kg of solvent A is brought into contact with 10 kg of solvent B. Solvent A and B are completely immiscible in each other whereas solute C is soluble in both the solvents. The extraction process attains equilibrium. The equilibrium relationship between the two phases is Y* = 0.9X, where Y* is the kg of C/kg of B and X is kg of C/kg of A. Choose the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding removal of impurities from water: 1. Settleable solids are removed by filtration. 2. Volatile solids are removed through sedimentation. 3. Dissolved solids are removed through reverse osmosis. 4. Colloidal solids are removed by coagulation. Which of the above statements are correct?
Which of the following types of light is preferred for using fluorescent penetrant in liquid penetrant testing (LPT) method?
In the following question below some statements are given followed by some conclusions. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the given statements. Statements: No solution is mixture. Each solvent is solute. All solute are solution. Conclusions: I. No solvent is mixture. II. Some solution is solvent. III. Some solute is mixture. 
If Y which is ratio of mass of solvent to mass of solvent in liquid free phase: For extract is 0.5 (YD) For extract leaving stage N is 0.7 (YVN) Amount of extract is 100kg (D) Amount of solvent in cascade is 50 (SD) What is the extract reflux?
If Y which is ratio of mass of solvent to mass of solvent in liquid free phase: For extract is 0.5 (YD) For extract leaving stage N is 0.7 (YVN) Amount of extract is 200kg (D) Amount of solvent in cascade is 50 (SD) What is the extract reflux?
If Y which is ratio of mass of solvent to mass of solvent in liquid free phase: For extract is 0.4 (YD) For extract leaving stage N is 0.6 (YVN) Amount of extract is 100kg (D) Amount of solvent in cascade is 40 (SD) What is the extract reflux?
If Y which is ratio of mass of solvent to mass of solvent in liquid free phase: For extract is 0.3(YD) For extract leaving stage N is 0.7 (YVN) Amount of extract is 100kg (D) Amount of solvent in cascade is 50 (SD) What is the extract reflux?