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Consider the following statements for deflection and null type instruments: 1. Deflection type of instruments are more accurate than null type of instruments. 2. Deflection type of instruments can be highly sensitive as compared with the null type of instruments. 3. Null type of instruments are more suitable for measurements under dynamic conditions than deflection type of instruments. Which of the above statements are not correct?
Consider the following statements in connection with deflection-type and null-type instruments: 1. Null-type instruments are more accurate than the deflection-type ones. 2. Null-type of instrument can be highly sensitive compared to a deflection-type instrument. 3. Under dynamic conditions, null-type instruments are less preferred to deflection-type instruments. 4. Response is faster in null-type instruments as compared to deflection-type instruments. Which of the above statements are correct?
The following data pertains to the junction of a thermocouple wire used to measure the temperature of the gas stream. Density = 8500 kg/m3, specific heat = 325 J/kg K, thermal conductivity = 40 W/m K and the heat transfer coefficient between the junction and gas = 215 W/m2 K. If thermocouple junction can be approximated as 1 mm diameter sphere, determine how long it will take for the thermocouple to read 99% of the initial temperature difference
A thermocouple junction in the form of 4 mm radius sphere is to be used to measure the temperature of a gas stream. The junction is initially at 35 degree Celsius and is placed in a gas stream which is at 300 degree Celsius. The thermocouple is removed from the hot gas stream after 10 seconds and kept in still air at 25 degree Celsius with convective coefficient 10 W/m2 K. Find out the time constant of the thermocouple. Assume the thermos-physical properties as given below h = 37.5 W/m2 K p = 7500 kg/m3 c = 400 J/kg K
Which of the following is not correctly matched? 1. Percussion Instruments: instruments are struck to produce sound. 2. Wind Instruments: need air to flow through them to produce sound. 3. String Instruments: use one or many tightly tied strings that when struck vibrate to create a sound.
Two statements are given, followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follows(s) from the statements. Statements: All computers are instruments. Some machines are computers. Conclusion: I All instruments are computers. II Some machines are instruments. III Some instruments are machines.
A thermocouple junction of spherical form is to be used to measure the temperature of the gas stream. The junction is at 20 degree Celsius and is placed in a gas stream which is at 200 degree Celsius. Make calculations for junction diameter needed for the thermocouple to have thermal time constant of one second. Assume the thermos-physical properties as given below k = 20 W/ m K h = 350 W/m2 K c = 0.4 k J/kg K p = 8000 kg/m3
A J-type thermocouple has an output voltage Vθ = (13650 + 50 θx) μV, where θx is the junction temperature in Celsius (°C). The thermocouple is used with reference junction compensation, as shown in the figure. The Instrumentation amplifier used has a gain G = 20. If θRef is 1 °C, for an input θx of 100 °C, the output Vo of the instrumentation amplifier in millivolt is
A thermocouple-based temperature measurement system is shown in the adjoining figure. Relevant thermocouple emf data (in mV) is given below. The cold junction is kept at 0°C. The temperature is 30°C in the other parts of the system. The emf V is measured to be 26.74 mV. Th temperature of the hot liquid is Temp. emf of Chromel- Constantan emf of Copper- Constantan 10°C 0.591 0.391 20°C 1.192 0.789 30°C 1.801 1.196 370°C 26.549 19.027 380°C 27.345 19.638
“The response of a thermocouple is defined as the time required for the thermocouple to reach the surrounding temperature when it is exposed to it”.