Which of the following physiochemical properties of a biomaterial might cause a cellular response that might affect the cellular motility, adhesion, survival, and differentiation?

The acidification of oceans is increasing. Why is this phenomenon a cause of concern? 1. The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected. 2. The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected. 3. The survival of some animals that have phytoplanktonic larvae will be adversely affected. 4. The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A

1, 2 and 3 only

B

2 only

C

1 and 3 only

D

1, 2, 3 and 4

Which is the right order of the steps involved in differentiation of T cells? i) Activated T cell generation into blast cell ii) Proliferation of blast cell iii) Differentiation of daughter cells iv) Differentiation into subsets of T cells

A

iii)—ii)—i)—iv)

B

iv)—ii)—iii)—i)

C

i)—ii)—iii)—iv)

D

ii)—i)—iv)—iii)

Below are given two sets, Set - I which gives modalities of operant conditioning and Set - II which provides the types of reinforcement, the types of responses (responses made or withheld) and the presence or absence of cue. Match the two sets and indicate your answer by choosing from the code : Set - I (Modalities of operant conditioning procedures) Set – II (Conditions and contexts) (a) Reward training (i) Positive reinforcement, response made, with cue present (b) Escape training (ii) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent (c) Discriminated omission training (iii) Positive reinforcement, response made with cue absent (d) Active avoidance (iv) Negative reinforcement, response made with training (e) Punishment training (v) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue present (vi) Negative reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent

A

(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (v), (d) - (i) - (e) - (vi)

B

(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv) - (e) - (v)

C

(a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (v) - (e) - (vi)

D

(a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (v) - (e) - (vi)

In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine support or biomaterial is required for the cells to be cultured. Nature’s template for a biomaterial is the _____________

A

extra-cellular matrix

B

stroma lamellae

C

lymph fluid

D

blood plasma

Consider the following statements regarding evolution and choose the correct answer:
1. Basically, evolution is the result of the differential survival in each generation of the progeny of the individuals with certain special characteristics
2. The organization of genes in chromosomes and the behaviour of these during cell division do not affect the mechanisms of evolution
3. Due to sexual reproduction there is a tremendous increase in variability
4. Differential survival is always partly due to capacity to adopt to the physical environment

A

Only 1, 2 and 3 are true

B

Only 2, 3 and 4 are true

C

Only 1, 3 and 4 are true

D

Only 1, 2 and 4 are true

Calculate the value of the coefficient of adhesion for dusty rails if the value of the coefficient of adhesion for dry rails is .55.

A

0.65

B

0.89

C

0.97

D

0.48

The pore size of the biomaterial affects the long-term functional differentiation of cells.

A

TRUE

B

FALSE

Given is a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Statement: Global warming, species extinction and deforestation are posing a threat to the environment. Assumptions: I. The more we exploit and degrade our environment, the more ecological imbalance we create, ultimately putting the very existence of human life at risk. II. Every species is dependent on every other species for survival, directly or indirectly. Human beings are the ones who depend on maximum number of species for not only our survival but also for our development needs.

A

Only assumption I is implicit

B

Both assumptions I and II are implicit

C

Neither assumption I nor II is implicit

D

Only assumption II is implicit

Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer:
1. Darwinism accounts for the survival of the fittest but not the arrival of the fittest
2. Natural selection is able to explain the existence of some structures in plants and animals which are not helpful in their survival
3. Darwinism explains the struggle amongst young individuals as well as its influence upon adult characteristics
4. Variations, that occur at random, can never be of the utmost importance and can not explain the production of highly organised and specialised structures

A

Only 2 and 4 are true

B

Only 1 and 3 are true

C

Only 1 and 4 are true

D

Only 3 and 4 are true

Which of the following can inhibit cellular respiration and motility in marine microbes?

A

Iron, sulfur

B

Magnesium, copper

C

Citric acid, pyruvic acid

D

Cadmium, copper

Which of the following physiochemical properties of a biomaterial might cause a cellular response that might affect the cellular motility, adhesion, survival, and differentiation?

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