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The free energy change associated with homogeneous nucleation of a sphere (assume the radius as 5m) has an interfacial energy term and a volume free energy. Calculate the value of the interfacial term if the interfacial energy is given as (1/п) kJ/m2Kmol?
There is an increase in free energy due to interfacial energy is known as a capillarity effect or the Gibbs-Thomson effect. Find the increase in this free energy if the interfacial energy, the molar volume and the radius of the spherical particle are given as 10 (kJ/mm2), 6mm3/mol and 4mm respectively?
A wave is first reflected by a boundary P and then by a boundary Q without dissipating energy. If the boundary P is rigid and the boundary Q is non-rigid, then find the fraction of the amplitude of the reflected wave by boundary P to the reflected wave by boundary Q.
Gold has surface free energy of 1.5 J.m-2 and grain boundary energy of 0.365 J.m-2.The groove angle that forms where a grain boundary intersects the free surface in a well annealed sample is
A liquid phase sintered SiC-Ni composite has a solid-solid grain boundary energy (γSiC-SiC) of 0.80 J.M-2 and a solid-liquid (γSiC-SiC) interfacial energy of 0.45 J.m-2. For a SiC grain size of 20 μm, the average interparticle (SiC-SiC) neck size (in μm) is:
Grain boundary diffusion makes a significant contribution to the total flux when___(Db and D1 are the diffusivities through the grain boundary and defect free lattice and ȣ, d are the effective thickneβ and grain size).
Consider for simplicity a wire frame suspending a liquid film. If one bar of the frame is movable it is found that a force 5N per unit length must be applied to maintain the bar in position. If this force moves a small distance so that the total area of the film is increased by 0.5m2. Interfacial free energy per unit area is given as 4 J/m2. Calculate the change in interfacial energy? (Take the area of interface as 2m2)
Kamala has three cylindrical containers, each with radius 20 cm that she wants to fill with grain. If her bag of grain contains 100 kg of grain, and she fills all three containers to a height of 70 cm, how much grain will be left in the bag, if 1 kg grain occupies 3000 cm3 space? (Use π = \(\frac{{22}}{7}\))
Consider a given volume of liquid at a temperature T below Tm with a free energy G’. If some of the atoms of the liquid cluster together to form a small sphere of solid, the free energy of the system will change to G, given by________ (Assume V1 volume of the solid sphere, V2 volume of liquid, A is the solid/liquid interfacial area, γ solid/liquid interface free energy, G1 and G2 are the free energies per unit volume of solid and liquid respectively).
The grain boundary is made of a regular array of edge dislocation at define spacing. In the case of low angle grain boundary, the distance between dislocation array will be small, and for high angle grain boundaries, it will be large.