In Back pressure type pneumatic gauge, there are two orifices. What is the relationship between upstream pressure of first orifice and pressure between two orifices?

The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H₁ = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H₂ = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

A

$${\text{Q}} = {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}{{\text{H}}_1}\sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} $$

B

$${\text{Q}} = {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}{{\text{H}}_2}\sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} $$

C

$${\text{Q}} = {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}\left( {{{\text{H}}_2} - {{\text{H}}_1}} \right)\sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} $$

D

$${\text{Q}} = {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{bH}}\sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} $$

A rectangular orifice of 2 m width and 1.2 m deep is fitted in one side of large tank. The easier level on one side of the orifice is 3m above the top edge of the orifice while on the other side of the orifice the water level is 0.5 m below it’s top edge. Calculate discharge if Cd = .64

A

4.95 m3/s

B

5.67 m3/s

C

3.56 m3/s

D

6.75 m3/s

The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H₁ = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H₂ = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice and C_d = Coefficient of discharge)

A

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{2}{3} \times {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}\sqrt {2{\text{g}}} \left( {{{\text{H}}_2} - {{\text{H}}_1}} \right)$$

B

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{2}{3} \times {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}\sqrt {2{\text{g}}} \left( {{\text{H}}_2^{\frac{1}{2}} - {\text{H}}_1^{\frac{1}{2}}} \right)$$

C

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{2}{3} \times {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}\sqrt {2{\text{g}}} \left( {{\text{H}}_2^{\frac{3}{2}} - {\text{H}}_1^{\frac{3}{2}}} \right)$$

D

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{2}{3} \times {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{b}}\sqrt {2{\text{g}}} \left( {{\text{H}}_2^2 - {\text{H}}_1^2} \right)$$

The discharge through a small rectangular orifice is given by (where Cd = Coefficient of discharge for the orifice, a = Cross-sectional area of the orifice, h = Height of the liquid above the centre of the orifice)

A

Q = Cd × a × 2gh

B

Q = (2/3). Cd × a × h

C

Q = (Cd × a)/√(2gh)

D

Q = (3Cd × a)/√(2h)

The discharge through a small rectangular orifice is given by (where C_d = Coefficient of discharge for the orifice, a = Cross-sectional area of the orifice, h = Height of the liquid above the centre of the orifice)

A

$${\text{Q}} = {{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{a}} \times \sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} $$

B

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{2}{3}{{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{a}} \times {\text{h}}$$

C

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{{{{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{a}}}}{{\sqrt {2{\text{gh}}} }}$$

D

$${\text{Q}} = \frac{{3{{\text{C}}_{\text{d}}} \times {\text{a}}}}{{\sqrt {2{\text{h}}} }}$$

The figure shows the cross-sectional diagram of an orifice flow meter with an orifice radius R. Point ‘a’ is 30 R upstream while points ‘b’ and ‘c’ are 0.8 R and 30 R downstream from the orifice respectively. The pressure at points a, b and c are PaPb, and Pc respectively. Then

A

P_c > P_b > P_a

B

P_b > P_c > P_a

C

P_a > P_b > P_c

D

P_a > P_c > P_b

The discharge through fully submerged orifice is - Where, H = Difference in level of water H1 = Height of water above the top of the orifice on the upstream side H2 = Height of water above the bottom of the orifice

A

${c_d} \times b \times \left( {{H_2} - {H_1}} \right) \times \sqrt {2gH} $

B

${c_d} \times b \times \left( {\;H_2^{\frac{3}{2}} - H_1^{\frac{3}{2}}} \right) \times \sqrt {2gH} $

C

None of these

D

${c_d} \times b \times \left( {\;{H_2} - {H_1}} \right) \times \sqrt {2g} \times {H^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

In the following question, two statements are numbered as A and B. On solving these statements we get quantities A and B respectively. Solve for the both quantities and chose the correct option. Quantity A: The ratio of speed of boat to speed of stream is 2 : 1, If the boat travels 162 km and come back to starting point in 36 hour. What is the difference between the time taken by the boat to go upstream and the time taken by the boat to go downstream? Quantity B: The speed of the stream is 6 km/hr and the distance travelled by the boat is 60 km. If the boat covered half distance upstream with usual speed and other half with double its speed, then it takes 7.5 hours less time than usual time to go upstream. Find the total time taken by the boat to go upstream and downstream?

A

Quantity A > Quantity B

B

Quantity A < Quantity B

C

Quantity A = Quantity B

D

Quantity A ≤ Quantity B

E

Quantity A ≥ Quantity B

Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
The Amazon basin has been continuously inhabited for at least 10, 000 years, possibly more. Its earliest inhabitants were stone-age peoples, living in hundreds of far-flung tribes, some tiny, others numbering in the tens of thousands. It was from the west that Europeans explorers first arrived. In 1541 a Spanish expedition from Quito, led by Gonzalo Pizarro, ran short of supplies while exploring east of the Andes in what is today Peru. Pizarros cousin Francisco de Orellana offered to take 60 men along with the boats from the expedition and forage for supplies. De Orellana floated down the Rio Napo to its confluence with the Amazon, near Iquitos (Peru), and then to the mouth of the Amazon. Along the way his expedition suffered numerous attacks by Indians; some of the Indian warriors, they reported, were female, like the Amazons of Greek mythology, and thus the worlds greatest river got its name. No one made a serious effort to claim this sweaty territory, however, until the Portuguese built a fort near the mouth of the river at Belém in 1616, and sent Pedro Teixeira up the river to Quito and back between 1637 and 1639. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Portuguese bandeirantes (groups of roaming adventurers) penetrated ever further into the rain forest in pursuit of gold and Indian slaves, exploring as far as present-day Rondônia, and the Guaporé and Madeira river valleys. Amazonian Indians had long used the sap from rubber trees to make waterproof bags and other items. European explorers recognized the potential value of natural latex, but were unable to market it because it tended to grow soft in the heat, or brittle in the cold, and thus had limited appeal outside the rain forest. However, in 1842 American Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization (made natural rubber durable) and in 1890 Irelands John Dunlop patented pneumatic rubber tires. Soon there was an unquenchable demand for rubber in the recently industrialized USA and Europe, and the price of rubber on international markets soared. As profits skyrocketed, so did exploitation of the seringueiros, or rubber tappers, who were lured into the Amazon, mostly from the drought-stricken northeast, by the promise of prosperity only to be locked into a cruel system of virtual slavery dominated by seringalistas (owners of rubber-bearing forests). Rigged scales, hired guns, widespread illiteracy among the rubber tappers, and monopoly of sales and purchases all combined to perpetuate the workers debt and misery. In addition, seringueiros had to contend with jungle fevers, Indian attacks and all manner of deprivation.
Who among the following patented the pneumatic rubber tires?

A

Gonzalo Pizarro

B

Francisco de Orellana

C

Pedrco Teixeira

D

John Dunlop

Which of the following statements is/are true about the types of gauge in Indian Railways? I. In Broad gauge. the clear distance between the inner faces of two rails is 1.676 m II. In Meter gauge. the clear distance between the inner faces of two rails is 1.240 m III. In Narrow gauge. the clear distance between the inner faces of two rails is 0.762 m

A

I, II and III

B

I and III

C

I and II

D

Only I

In Back pressure type pneumatic gauge, there are two orifices. What is the relationship between upstream pressure of first orifice and pressure between two orifices?

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