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________ phase starts with the construction of spanning tree for ordinary routing information.

________ phase starts with the construction of spanning tree for ordinary routing information. Correct Answer Initialization

Initialization phase starts with the construction of spanning tree for ordinary routing information. A level corresponds to the hop distance of the node from the sink and data will be transmitted.

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Consider the following statements about the routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPE) in an IPv4 network. I. RIP uses distance vector routing II. RIP packets are sent using UDP III. OSPF packets are sent using TCP IV. OSPF operation is based on link-state routing Which of the statements above are CORRECT?
Consider the pseudocode given below. The function DoSomething() takes as argument a pointer to the root of an arbitrary tree represented by the leftMostChild-rightSibling representation. Each node of the tree is of type treeNode. typedef struct treeNode* treeptr; struct treeNode {              treeptr leftMostChild, rightSibling; }; int DoSomething (treeptr tree) {              int value=0;              if (tree != NULL) {              if (tree->leftMostChild == NULL)              value = 1;    else               value = DoSomething(tree->leftMostChild);               value = value + DoSomething(tree->rightSibling);     }               return(value); } When the pointer to the root of a tree is passed as the argument to DoSomething, the value returned by the function corresponds to the 
Consider a computer network using the distance vector routing algorithm in its network layer. The partial topology of the network is as shown below. The objective is to find the shortest-cost path from the router R to routers P and Q. Assume that R does not initially know the shortest routes to P and Q. Assume that R has three neighbouring routers denoted as X, Y, and Z. During one iteration, R measures its distance to its neighbours X, Y, and Z as 3, 2, and 5, respectively. Router R gets routing vectors from its neighbours that indicate that the distance to router P from routers X, Y, and Z are 7, 6, and 5, respectively. The routing vector also indicates that the distance to router Q from routers X, Y, and Z are 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct with respect to the new routing table of R, after updation during this iteration ? 
Which of the following routing technique/techniques is/are used in distributed systems? (a) Fixed Routing (b) Virtual Routing (c) Dynamic Routing
Which statement is true regarding classless routing protocols?
1. The use of discontiguous networks is not allowed.
2. The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted.
3. RIPv1 is a classless routing protocol.
4. IGRP supports classless routing within the same autonomous system.
5. RIPv2 supports classless routing.
Which of the following statements regarding tree are correct? (A) All the links of a tree together does not constitute the complement of the corresponding tree (B) A connected subgraph of a connected graph is a tree if there exist (n - 1) nodes of the group (C) A connected subgraph of a connected graph is a tree if there exist many paths between any pair of nodes in it (D) The number of terminal nodes of end vertices of every tree are atleast two (E) Every connected graph has atleast one tree Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (1) (A) and (B) only (2) (B) and (C) only (3) (B) and (D) only (4) (D) and (E) only
Consider the undirected graph below: Using Prim's algorithm to construct a minimum spanning tree starting with node a, which one of the following sequences of edges represents a possible order in which the edges would be added to construct the minimum spanning tree?
Let G be a connected undirected weighted graph. Consider the following two statements. S1: There exists a minimum weight edge in G which is present in every minimum spanning tree of G. S2: If every edge in G has distinct weight, then G has a unique minimum spanning tree. Which one of the following options is correct?
Let G be any connected, weighted, undirected graph. I. G has a unique minimum spanning tree, if no two edges of G have the same weight. II. G has a unique minimum spanning tree, if, for every cut of G, there is a unique minimum-weight edge crossing the cut. Which of the above two statements is/are TRUE?
In the following question, there are six parts marked S1, S6, P, Q, R and S. The position of S1 and S6 are fixed. Some parts of the sentence have been jumbled up. Rearrange these parts and choose the proper sequence from the given options. (S1) Once upon a time, there lived a farmer in a village, beside a forest. (P) When the farmer was a little boy, he spent much of his time playing with the apple tree (Q) Those days, the apple tree had given the choicest of apples to him (R) However, as time passed, the apple tree became old and stopped bearing fruits (S) He had a big garden that had an old apple tree and other plants, trees and beautiful flowers (S6) Now that the farmer was not getting any apples from the tree, he decided that the tree was useless and cut it.