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A certain spacecraft is used to transport astronauts from International Space Station (ISS) to Earth. The spacecraft is designed to have three parts labelled P, Q and R each of mass 1200 kg, 3150 kg, and 2800 kg respectively. When the spacecraft is launched the exhaust system produces a force of 1430 N. Calculate the acceleration of the spacecraft as it leaves the ISS.

A certain spacecraft is used to transport astronauts from International Space Station (ISS) to Earth. The spacecraft is designed to have three parts labelled P, Q and R each of mass 1200 kg, 3150 kg, and 2800 kg respectively. When the spacecraft is launched the exhaust system produces a force of 1430 N. Calculate the acceleration of the spacecraft as it leaves the ISS. Correct Answer 0.2 m/s<sup>2</sup>

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. 0.2 m/s2

CONCEPT:

  • Newton's third law of motion: It states that for every action, there must be an equal and opposite reaction acting simultaneously on different bodies.
    • According to Newton, when two bodies exert forces on each other. These are called the action and reaction pair.
  • Force is defined as the push or pull acting on an object.
    • It's SI unit is the newton (N)

The force acting on an object of mass (m) with an acceleration (a) is given as:

Force = m × a

CALCULATION:

Let

Mass of spacecraft = Mass of (P + Q + R)

  • From Newton's third law of motion, when the exhaust system produces a force of 1430 N, an equal and opposite force is exerted back on the spacecraft. Let this force be F.

1430 N = F

1430 = m × a = Mass of spacecraft × a 

1430 = (1200 + 3150 + 2800) × a

⇒ a = 0.2 m/s2

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