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According to Kautilya's Arthashastra, which of the following are correct? 1. A person could be a slave as a result of a judicial punishment. 2. If a female slave bore her master a son, she was legally free. 3. If a son born to a female slave was fathered by her master, the son was entitled to the legal status of the master's son. Which of the statements given above are correct?

According to Kautilya's Arthashastra, which of the following are correct? 1. A person could be a slave as a result of a judicial punishment. 2. If a female slave bore her master a son, she was legally free. 3. If a son born to a female slave was fathered by her master, the son was entitled to the legal status of the master's son. Which of the statements given above are correct? Correct Answer 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Arthshastra  

  • The Arthashastra states that a man could be a slave either by birth, by voluntarily selling himself, by being captured in war, or as a result of judicial punishment. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • Slavery was a recognized institution and the legal relationship between master and slave was clearly defined e.g. if a female slave bore her master a son,
    • She was legally free, and 
    • the son was entitled to the legal status of the master's son. 
  • Hence statement 2 & 3 are correct.
  • When a female slave gives birth to a child of her master, both the child and its mother shall be considered free at once. If the mother is to be in bondage for sustenance, her brother and sister will be set free.
  • Selling or pawning the life of a male or female slave once freed shall be punished with a fine of 12 panas, except those who enslave themselves.
  • Mauryan empire was a vast territorial entity. Various levels of administration were required to govern it well.
  • The Arthashastra, Greek accounts and Ashokan inscriptions give us a good idea about the administrative system.
  • According to the Arthshastra of Kautilya, a striking development of the Mauryan period was the employment of slaves in agricultural operations. 
  • Domestic slaves were found in India from Vedic times onwards. However, ancient Indian society was not a slave society.
  • Kautilya’s Arthshastra contains 15 adhikaranas or books.
    • The first five deal with ‘tantra’ i.e. internal administration of the state.
    • The next eight deal with ‘avapa’ or its relations with neighbouring states.
    • The last two are miscellaneous in character. ​
  • ​Arthshastra deals with problems of administration as well as laws of property and crime. 
  • ​Arthshastra argues the case for a fully-centralised government for the empire. 
  • It also mentions female bodyguards and spies that Mauryan rulers maintained. These female bodyguards were skilled in archery.

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