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Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R Assertion A:- The complexity of the social context in which higher education exists in India, very likely, makes systemic reforms impossible Reason R: - The inadequacy of infrastructure and the attitude of the academic community to prefer the status quo than taking risks, with experiments and innovation that require initiative and considerable efforts, are the principal impediments. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R Assertion A:- The complexity of the social context in which higher education exists in India, very likely, makes systemic reforms impossible Reason R: - The inadequacy of infrastructure and the attitude of the academic community to prefer the status quo than taking risks, with experiments and innovation that require initiative and considerable efforts, are the principal impediments. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below Correct Answer Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Philip G. Altbach is an American author and researcher said: "the complexity of the social context in which higher education exists in India, very likely makes systemic reforms impossible".

Important Points

Assertion (A): The complexity of the social context in which higher education exists in India, very likely, makes systemic reforms impossible.

  • The politics of the society is often played out in the universities, escalating campus conflicts and further politicizing higher education.
  • Social unrest is the result and most often the changes are not implemented.
  • India has great potential for meritorious students out somehow, a huge percentage of these students are restricted from the available educational opportunities due to the influence of the Quota system. 
  • Reservations are unpopular among the academic community as well as among students.
  • Despite considerable conflict and controversy and quite a few proposals for reform over several decades, there is still no solution to the issue of the medium of instruction in Indian higher education.
  • Controversies concerning the medium of instruction in schools and especially in higher education have, from time to time, erupted into violence.
  • It was often claimed that reforms did not succeed because teachers did not have the initiative or freedom to design and develop courses of study and evolve methods of students assessment.
  • The use of higher education to implement broader social policy inevitably creates controversy and has, in general, not been successful.

Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.

Reason(R): The inadequacy of infrastructure and the attitude of the academic community to prefer the status quo than taking risks, with experiments and innovation that require initiative and considerable efforts, are the principal impediments.

  • The inadequacy of infrastructure in most institutions is a serious impediment to meaningful reforms. There are not just enough resources to make good these deficiencies. 
  • Indian higher education is chronically short of money. Even when compared to the resources provided to higher education in many other Third World countries, India seems, when measured on a per capita basis, to be relatively poorly endowed.
  • Academic communities are following the old pattern and are not ready to embrace the new pattern of learning in higher education.
  • Infrastructure is not a part of the social context.

Therefore, Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Related Questions

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Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
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