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Which of the following statements about India's Independence is/are correct? 1. The formal transfer of power on 15th August 1947 heralding India's Independence was announced by Lord Mountbatten. 2. Mahatma Gandhi was not present at the festivities in the capital on 15th August 1947. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements about India's Independence is/are correct? 1. The formal transfer of power on 15th August 1947 heralding India's Independence was announced by Lord Mountbatten. 2. Mahatma Gandhi was not present at the festivities in the capital on 15th August 1947. Select the correct answer using the code given below: Correct Answer Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is option 3 Both 1 and 2.

  • The Indian Independence act 1947: 
    • Passed by the British Government in July 1947. 
    • The then Prime Minister of Britain, Clement Attlee, had announced that British India would be given full self-governance before 30th June 1948.
    • Clement Attlee appointed Lord Mountbatten as viceroy of India in February 1947.
  • The transfer of power was officially announced by Lord Mountbatten on 15th August 1947. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • ​Mahatma Gandhi was not present at the festivities in the capital on 15th August 1947 as he was in Bengal among the people.
  • He was already in distress due to the partition and riots which were happening in the state among the different communities.
  • He stayed in the state to save thousands of people from being slaughtered in the name of religion.
  • As per the situation his presence was required more in Bengal than in Delhi. 
  • Hence statement 2 is also correct.​

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According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true?
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What is Gandhian philosophy? It is the religious and social ideas adopted and developed by Gandhi, first during his period in South Africa from 1893 to 1914, and later of course in India. These ideas have been further developed by later "Gandhians", most notably, in India by, Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan. Outside of India some of the work of, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. can also be viewed in this light. Understanding the universe to be an organic whole, the philosophy exists on several planes - the spiritual or religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual and collective. The spiritual or religious element, and God, is at its core. Human nature is regarded as fundamentally virtuous. All individuals are believed to be capable of high moral development, and of reform. The twin cardinal principles of Gandhi's thought are truth and nonviolence. It should be remembered that the English word "truth" is an imperfect translation of the Sanskrit, "satya", and "non-violence", an even more imperfect translation of "ahimsa". Derived from "sat" - "that which exists" - "satya" contains a dimension of meaning not usually associated by English speakers with the word "truth". There are other variations, too, which we need not go into here. For Gandhi, truth is the relative truth of truthfulness in word and deed, and the absolute truth - the Ultimate Reality. This ultimate truth is God (as God is also Truth) and morality - the moral laws and code - its basis. Ahimsa, far from meaning mere peacefulness or the absence of overt violence, is understood by Gandhi to denote active love - the pole opposite of violence, or "Himsa", in every sense. The ultimate station Gandhi assigns non violence stems from two main points. First, if according to the Divine Reality all life is one, then all violence committed towards another is violence towards oneself, towards the collective, whole self, and thus "self"-destructive and counter to the universal law of life, which is love. Second, Gandhi believed that ahimsa is the most powerful force in existence. Had himsa been superior to ahimsa, humankind would long ago have succeeded in destroying itself. The human race certainly could not have progressed as far as it has, even if universal justice remains far off the horizon. From both viewpoints, non violence or love is regarded as the highest law of humankind.
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Consider the following statements.
1. Lord Mountbatten announced June Plan on 3rd June, 1947.
2. Punjab Boundary Commission was formed by the British Government on 20th June 1947.
3. The PEPSU was formally inaugurated by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel on 5th July 1948.
4. Punjab was trifurcated on 1st November, 1960
Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?