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Which of these semiconductor types contain trivalent elements as impurities?

Which of these semiconductor types contain trivalent elements as impurities? Correct Answer p-type extrinsic

  • A trivalent element is an element which has a valency of 3
  • P-type extrinsic semiconductors contain trivalent elements such as aluminium and boron
  • These dopants have one valence electron less than Si or Ge and, therefore, this atom can form covalent bonds with neighbouring three Si atoms but does not have any electron to offer to the fourth Si atom. So the bond between the fourth neighbour and the trivalent atom has a vacancy or hole.

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