Which of the following is/are principle(s) of growth and development? I. Development never follows a pattern II. Principle of individual difference III. Principle of integration IV. Development proceeds from general to specific responses

Which of the following is/are principle(s) of growth and development? I. Development never follows a pattern II. Principle of individual difference III. Principle of integration IV. Development proceeds from general to specific responses Correct Answer II, III and IV

Growth and Development: 

• ‘Growth’, which refers to an increase in weight, height (length), and changes in body proportions. Growth takes place in the physical aspect only. It refers to quantitative changes e.g. it is possible to measure how tall a child has grown over a specific period of time.
• The term ‘development’ refers to qualitative changes in an individual such as a change in personality or other mental and emotional aspects. However, very often growth and development are used interchangeably.

Key Points

Growth and Development Follows:-

• Principle of Continuity: Development follows the principle of continuity which starts with conception and ends with death. It is a never-ending process in life.
• Principle of Individual Differences: It says that every individual is unique in himself/herself as the heredity and environmental factors make him/her different from others.
• Principle of Generality to Specificity:  The development process starts with general responses shown by the child as s/he passes through the later stages s/ he starts exhibiting specific behaviours. 
• Principle of Interrelation: The development of an individual is reflected through the balanced interrelation of all the aspects of life. Development in any aspect affects the other aspect also.
• Principle of Interaction: The principle of interaction suggests that an individual is the product of heredity and environment. In other words, the interaction takes place within and outside forces of the child.
• Principle of Differentiation in Rate: Differentiation in the rate indicates that individuals differ in the rate of development. There is a difference in the rate of development in girls and boys like girls grow faster than boys at the early stage of development.
• Principle of Integration: The principle of Integration refers to the integration of various aspects of development like physical, mental, emotional, social and moral.
• Principle of Predictability: Development is predictable i.e. with the help of the uniformity of the pattern and sequence of development, we can predict the behaviour to a great extent of a child in one or more aspects in a particular stage of her/his growth and development.
• Principle of Sequentiality: It states that every individual although exhibit difference in change, follow the same sequence of change.
• The Cephalocaudal tendency exhibits that the development proceeds in the longitudinal direction i.e. from head to foot. That is the reason why the child first gains control overhead before s/he starts walking.
• Proximodistal tendency proceeds from near to the distant and from parts of the body near the centre develop first then the extremities. Therefore the child in the earlier stage of development exercises on the fundamental muscles rather than the smaller muscles or fine motor skills.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the given points II, III and IV are related to Growth and Development.