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Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Stress Isobar can be prepared using Boussinesq’s stress distribution theory. 2. Equivalent point load method yields accurate results. 3. Newmark’s method relates the vertical stress with the help of influence chart. 4. Westergaard’s method helps in determination of stress distribution for layered soils. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Stress Isobar can be prepared using Boussinesq’s stress distribution theory. 2. Equivalent point load method yields accurate results. 3. Newmark’s method relates the vertical stress with the help of influence chart. 4. Westergaard’s method helps in determination of stress distribution for layered soils. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Correct Answer 1, 3 and 4 only

Statement –I- True

An isobar is a line joining all the points of equal vertical stress below the ground surface.  Boussinesq’s theory can be used to prepare vertical stress isobar diagram.

Statement –II- False

In Equivalent point load method, entire loaded area is divided into small area units and load on each area unit is replaced by equivalent point acting at the centroid of each are unit.  Since, it is an Equivalent   approximate method for determining stress distribution for loaded areas, it can be never accurate.

Note: Accuracy of this method depends on the size of the area unit is considered. Lower the size of area unit higher will be the accuracy.

Statement –III- True

Newmark developed influence chart to compute the vertical stress due to a loaded area of any shape, below any point either inside or outside of the loaded area. Influence chart consists of concentric circles (m nos.) and radial lines (n nos.) which divide the influence chart into no of area units, where influence of each area unit at centre of chart is same.

Statement –IV-True.

Westergard’s has made following assumptions to find the stress distribution in soil mass.

1. Soil mass is homogenous and semi-infinite.

2. Soil mass is non-isotropic i.e. it is applicable for stratified soils.

3. Soil medium is rigid in horizontal direction while elastic in vertical direction.

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