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I put one ear on a steel railroad track. A. I am able to hear the approaching train sooner through the track than through the air. B. Sound travels faster through steel as compared to air. C. Sound travels faster through solids as compared to gases. Of the above three statements, identify which ones are observations and which are inferences.

I put one ear on a steel railroad track. A. I am able to hear the approaching train sooner through the track than through the air. B. Sound travels faster through steel as compared to air. C. Sound travels faster through solids as compared to gases. Of the above three statements, identify which ones are observations and which are inferences. Correct Answer <div>A is an observation and B and C are inferences.</div>

Note that: 

  • Observation means watching carefully. We do see many things, situations in our routine life.  In the process of observing the observer uses all his sensory organs in an integrated manner. The observer obtains information about the World around him for a definite purpose. This is one of the best scientific tools to collect data for research.  On the basis of observation, the data is collected, analysed, processed and used for research purpose. Thus, 'I am able to hear the approaching train sooner through the track than through the air' is an observation since the observer is using his sense organs.
  • We apprehend an event through perception and the intellect makes a judgment and “on the basis of the judgment previously made” we infer or draw a conclusion. This process of coming to new knowledge is called inference. This process can be related to the past, present or future events and occurrences. From above-mentioned points, we conclude about sound. We make a movement from the particular to make a larger conclusion.

Hence, we conclude that "I am able to hear the approaching train sooner through the track than through the air." is an observation and other statements are inferences.

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