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Which of the following powers and functional items of municipalities, in the Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution are incorporated? a. Planning for economic and social development. b. Non-conventional energy sources. c. Libraries. d. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. e. Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals.

Which of the following powers and functional items of municipalities, in the Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution are incorporated? a. Planning for economic and social development. b. Non-conventional energy sources. c. Libraries. d. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. e. Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals. Correct Answer a, d, e 

The correct answer is a, d, e.

  • Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution:
    • Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of municipalities.
    • Added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992 which covers article 243W.
    • Contains 18 Functional Items.
    • The key motive behind the addition was Democratic Decentralisation.

Key Points

The List of 18 Functional Items under the 12th schedule is:

  1. Urban planning including town planning. 
  2. Regulation of land use and construction of buildings. 
  3. Planning for economic and social development. 
  4. Roads and bridges. 
  5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
  6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management, 
  7. Fire services. 
  8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects. 
  9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded. 
  10. Slum improvement and up-gradation. 
  11. Urban poverty alleviation. 
  12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds. 
  13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. 
  14. Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums,
  15. Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals. 
  16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths. 
  17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences. 
  18. Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries. 

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