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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Which of the following is/are correctly matched? 1. Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.  2. Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Which of the following is/are correctly matched? 1. Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.  2. Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products. Select the correct answer using the code given below. Correct Answer Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

  • Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans.
  • In this sense, making curd, bread, or wine, which are all microbe-mediated processes, could also be thought of as a form of biotechnology.
  • However, it is used in a restricted sense today, to refer to such processes that use genetically modified organisms to achieve the same on a larger scale.
  • Further, many other processes/techniques are also included in biotechnology.
  • For example, in vitro fertilization leading to a ‘test-tube' baby, synthesizing a gene and using it, developing a DNA vaccine, or correcting a defective gene, are all part of biotechnology. 
  • Among many, the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
  1. Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  2. Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

Related Questions

Steps of Recombinant DNA technology are given below.
1. Identification and isolation of the genetic material.
2. Fragmentation of DNA.
3. Obtaining the foreign gene product.
4. Downstream processing.
5. Ligation of DNA fragmentation into the vector.
6. Isolation of desired DNA fragments.
7. Amplification of gene of interest.
8. Transfer of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism.
The correct sequence of steps is
Consider the following statements about the genetic materials DNA and RNA: DNA chemically is less reactive and structurally more stable as compared to RNA. DNA is better for the transmission of genetic information as compared to RNA. Both DNA and RNA can mutate. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. The DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 provides for the regulation of use of DNA technology for establishing the identity of certain persons. 2. DNA is made up of 26 pairs of chromosomes and provides instructions for building an entire organism and proteins. 3. DNA is composed of two chains, which coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth. 4. Under the Bill, DNA profiling is allowed only in respect of criminal matters. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following statements about DNA is/are correct? 1) DNA is the hereditary material of all living organisms. 2) All segments of DNA code for the synthesis of proteins. 3) Nuclear DNA is double helical with two nucleotide chains that run anti-parallel. 4) DNA is also found in mitochondria. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answers to this item should be based on the passage only. Many farmers use synthetic pesticides to kill infesting insects. The consumption of pesticides in some of the developed countries is touching 3000 grams/hectare. Unfortunately, there are reports that these compounds possess inherent toxicities that endanger the health of the farm operators, consumers and the environment. Synthetic pesticides are generally persistent in environment. Entering in food chain they destroy the microbial diversity and cause ecological imbalance. Their indiscriminate use has resulted in development of resistance among insects to insecticides, upsetting of balance in nature and resources of treated populations. Natural pest control using the botanical pesticides is safer to the user and the environment because they break down into harmless compounds within hours or days in the presence of sunlight. Plants with pesticidal properties have been in nature for millions of years without any ill or adverse effects on the ecosystem. They are easily decomposed by many microbes common in most soils. They help in the maintenance of biological diversity of predators and human health hazards. Botanical pesticides formulated from plants are biodegradable and their use in crop protection is a practical sustainable alternative. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding biopesticides? 1. They are not hazardous to human health. 2. They are persistent in environment. 3. They are essential to maintain the biodiversity of any ecosystem. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
Sub Sharan Africa has lost how many black rhino genetic lineages in 200 years?
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
Genetic diversity is proportional to _____________________.
Which of the following statements refers to the process of 'parthenogenesis'? 1. It is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which the growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. 2. It is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body. 3. It is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg inside of the female's body  Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Consider the following statements.
1. The smallest RNA is t RNA.
2. The most abundant RNA of cell is r RNA.
3. DNA can be formed over RNA through reverse transcriptase.
Which of the statements given above are false?
A junior college inducts students based on the following criteria — 1. Students who scored above 75% in Physics, 85% in Mathematics and 70% in Chemistry. 2. Students who scored at least 60% in English. 3. Students who are good in a sport or play a musical instrument or know a dance form. Which student among the following will the college definitely take? A. Shakti with 80% in Physics, 65% in Chemistry, 85% in Mathematics, 61% in English and plays veena. B. Megha secured 80% in Physics, 87% in Mathematics, 70% in English, 75% in Chemistry and is a singer. C. Sheela secured 78% in Physics, 71% in Chemistry, 87% in Mathematics, 75% in English knows Manipuri folk dance. D. Mallika secured 70% in Chemistry, 70% in Mathematics, 85% in Physics, 65% in English and plays basketball.