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Consider the following statements regarding ecological succession. 1. The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species composition of a given area is called Climax Community. 2. The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area is called sere.  Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding ecological succession. 1. The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species composition of a given area is called Climax Community. 2. The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area is called sere.  Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Correct Answer 2 only

the correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

  • An important characteristic of all communities is that their composition and structure constantly change in response to the changing environmental conditions.
  • This change is orderly and sequential, parallel with the changes in the physical environment.
  • These changes lead finally to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and that is called a climax community.
  • The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
  • During succession, some species colonize an area and their population becomes more numerous whereas populations of other species decline and even disappear.
  • The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area is called sere(s). Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • The individual transitional communities are termed seral stages or seral communities.
  • In the successive seral stages, there is a change in the diversity of species of organisms, an increase in the number of species and organisms as well as an increase in the total biomass.
  • The present-day communities in the world have come to be because of succession that has occurred over millions of years since life started on earth.
  • Actually, succession and evolution would have been parallel processes at that time.
  • Succession is hence a process that starts in an area where no living organisms are there – these could be areas where no living organisms ever existed, say bare rock; or in areas that somehow, lost all the living organisms that existed there. 
  • The former is called primary succession, while the latter is termed secondary succession. 

Related Questions

Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer:
1. The biogeographical realms are regions made up of whole continents, or of large parts of a continent, separated by major geographic barriers and characterized by the presence of certain unique animals and plants
2. In each biome the kind of climax vegetation is uniform - grasses, conifers, deciduous trees but the particular species of plant may vary in different parts of the biome
3. There is usually a sharp line of demarcation between adjacent biomes
4. The definition of biome includes not only the actual climax community of a region but also the several intermediate communities that precede the climax community
Consider the following statements regarding ecology: 1. Climax ecosystem is a stage in the evolution of an ecosystem, at which all the species are in dynamic equilibrium among themselves as also with the environment. 2. Ecological niche means all the physical, chemical and biological factors that a species needs in order to live and reproduce exist. 3. Edge effect refers to the presence of rich and unique biological diversity found in an ecotone. Which of the above statements are correct?
Sister of Ram Prakash married a person belonging to another caste. The marriage was not approved by some influential members of the community of Ram Prakash. They influenced the members of the community to excommunicate the family of Ram Prakash. However later on the caste leaders asked Ram Prasad to give Rs. one lac to the community as a penance and only then his family would be admitted in the community. But Ram Prasad instead of delivering money files an F. I. R. (First information Report) The community leaders who demanded money claimed no offence has been committed as Ram Prasad was guilty of violating community rules and in fact no money has actually been delivered. What offence, if any, has been committed by the community leaders?
What is the predictable and gradual change in the species composition of a given area called?
A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given fouralternatives. Teaching about compassion and empathy in schools can help deal with problems of climate change and environmental degradation,” says Barbara Maas, secretary,
Standing Committee for Environment and Conservation, International Buddhist Confederation (IBC). She was in New Delhi to participate in the IBCs governing
council meeting, December 10-11, 2017. “We started an awareness campaign in the year 2005-2006 with H H The Dalai Lama when we learnt that tiger skins were
being traded in China and Tibet. At that time, I was not a Buddhist; I wrote to the Dalai Lama asking him to say that this is harmful and he wrote back to say, “We
will stop this.” He used very strong words during the Kalachakra in 2006, when he said, If he sees people wearing fur and skins, he doesnt feel like living. This sent
huge shock waves in the Himalayan community. Within six months, in Lhasa, people ripped the fur trim of their tubba, the traditional Tibetan dress. The messenger was ideal and the audience was receptive,” says Maas who is a conservationist. She has studied the battered foxs behavioral ecology in Serengeti,Africa. She heads the endangered species conservation at the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) International Foundation for Nature, Berlin. “I metSamdhong Rinpoche, The Karmapa, HH the Dalai Lama and Geshe Lhakdor and I thought, if by being a Buddhist, you become like this, I am going for it, “says Maas, who led the IBC initiative for including the Buddhist perspective to the global discourse on climate change by presenting the statement, The Time to Act is Now: aBuddhist Declaration on Climate Change, at COP21 in Paris. “It was for the first time in the history of Buddhism that leaders of different sanghas came together to take a stand on anything! The statement lists a couple ofimportant things: the first is that we amass things that we dont need; there is overpopulation; we need to live with contentment and deal with each other and theenvironment with love and compassion,” elaborates Maas. She is an ardent advocate of a vegan diet because “consuming meat and milk globally contributes more toclimate change than all "transport in the world.” Turning vegetarian or vegan usually requires complete change of perspective before one gives up eating their favorite food. What are the Buddhist ways to bringabout this kind of change at the individual level? “To change our behavior, Buddhism is an ideal vehicle; it made me a more contented person,” says Maas, who grewup in Germany, as a sausage chomping, meat-loving individual. She says, “If I can change, so can anybody”. Why did Ms. Barbara Mass say “If I can change, so can anybody”?
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With reference to primary and secondary succession, consider the following statements: A) Primary succession takes place in areas which have lost all the living organisms that existed there whereas secondary takes place in areas where no living organisms ever existed. B) Rate of secondary succession is much slower compared to primary succession. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given fouralternatives. Teaching about compassion and empathy in schools can help deal with problems of climate change and environmental degradation,” says Barbara Maas, secretary,
Standing Committee for Environment and Conservation, International Buddhist Confederation (IBC). She was in New Delhi to participate in the IBCs governing
council meeting, December 10-11, 2017. “We started an awareness campaign in the year 2005-2006 with H H The Dalai Lama when we learnt that tiger skins were
being traded in China and Tibet. At that time, I was not a Buddhist; I wrote to the Dalai Lama asking him to say that this is harmful and he wrote back to say, “We
will stop this.” He used very strong words during the Kalachakra in 2006, when he said, If he sees people wearing fur and skins, he doesnt feel like living. This sent
huge shock waves in the Himalayan community. Within six months, in Lhasa, people ripped the fur trim of their tubba, the traditional Tibetan dress. The messenger was ideal and the audience was receptive,” says Maas who is a conservationist. She has studied the battered foxs behavioral ecology in Serengeti,Africa. She heads the endangered species conservation at the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) International Foundation for Nature, Berlin. “I met Samdhong Rinpoche, The Karmapa, HH the Dalai Lama and Geshe Lhakdor and I thought, if by being a Buddhist, you become like this, I am going for it, “says Maas, who led the IBC initiative for including the Buddhist perspective to the global discourse on climate change by presenting the statement, The Time to Act is Now: a Buddhist Declaration on Climate Change, at COP21 in Paris. “It was for the first time in the history of Buddhism that leaders of different sanghas came together to take a stand on anything! The statement lists a couple of important things: the first is that we amass things that we dont need; there is overpopulation; we need to live with contentment and deal with each other and the environment with love and compassion,” elaborates Maas. She is an ardent advocate of a vegan diet because “consuming meat and milk globally contributes more to climate change than all "transport in the world.” Turning vegetarian or vegan usually requires complete change of perspective before one gives up eating their favorite food. What are the Buddhist ways to bringabout this kind of change at the individual level? “To change our behavior, Buddhism is an ideal vehicle; it made me a more contented person,” says Maas, who grewup in Germany, as a sausage chomping, meat-loving individual. She says, “If I can change, so can anybody”. According to the passage, how can studying compassion and empathy in schools help?
A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given fouralternatives. Teaching about compassion and empathy in schools can help deal with problems of climate change and environmental degradation,” says Barbara Maas, secretary,
Standing Committee for Environment and Conservation, International Buddhist Confederation (IBC). She was in New Delhi to participate in the IBCs governing
council meeting, December 10-11, 2017. “We started an awareness campaign in the year 2005-2006 with H H The Dalai Lama when we learnt that tiger skins were
being traded in China and Tibet. At that time, I was not a Buddhist; I wrote to the Dalai Lama asking him to say that this is harmful and he wrote back to say, “We
will stop this.” He used very strong words during the Kalachakra in 2006, when he said, If he sees people wearing fur and skins, he doesnt feel like living. This sent
huge shock waves in the Himalayan community. Within six months, in Lhasa, people ripped the fur trim of their tubba, the traditional Tibetan dress. The messenger was ideal and the audience was receptive,” says Maas who is a conservationist. She has studied the battered foxs behavioral ecology in Serengeti,Africa. She heads the endangered species conservation at the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) International Foundation for Nature, Berlin. “I metSamdhong Rinpoche, The Karmapa, HH the Dalai Lama and Geshe Lhakdor and I thought, if by being a Buddhist, you become like this, I am going for it, “says Maas, who led the IBC initiative for including the Buddhist perspective to the global discourse on climate change by presenting the statement, The Time to Act is Now: aBuddhist Declaration on Climate Change, at COP21 in Paris. “It was for the first time in the history of Buddhism that leaders of different sanghas came together to take a stand on anything! The statement lists a couple ofimportant things: the first is that we amass things that we dont need; there is overpopulation; we need to live with contentment and deal with each other and theenvironment with love and compassion,” elaborates Maas. She is an ardent advocate of a vegan diet because “consuming meat and milk globally contributes more toclimate change than all "transport in the world.” Turning vegetarian or vegan usually requires complete change of perspective before one gives up eating their favorite food. What are the Buddhist ways to bringabout this kind of change at the individual level? “To change our behavior, Buddhism is an ideal vehicle; it made me a more contented person,” says Maas, who grewup in Germany, as a sausage chomping, meat-loving individual. She says, “If I can change, so can anybody”. According to the passage, what do you infer from ''The messenger was ideal and the audience was receptive''?
Consider the following statement
1. Gated communities has drawn a barrier between resident and other community.
2. Gated communities create the gap between low level income groups.
3. Gated communities are best suited for the people searching high quality life style.
Which of the following statements given is / are correct?