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Consider the following statements associated with local shear failure of soils: 1. Failure is sudden with well-defined ultimate load. 2. This failure occurs in highly compressible soils. 3. Failure is preceded by large settlement. Which of these statements are correct ?

Consider the following statements associated with local shear failure of soils: 1. Failure is sudden with well-defined ultimate load. 2. This failure occurs in highly compressible soils. 3. Failure is preceded by large settlement. Which of these statements are correct ? Correct Answer 2 and 3

Explanation:

Types of shear failure

1) Local shear failure

This type of failure is seen in relatively loose sand and soft clay.

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Some characteristics of local shear failure are:

(i) Failure is not sudden and there is no tilting of footing.

(ii) Failure surface does not reach the ground surface and slight bulging of soil around the footing is observed

(iii) Failure surface is not well defined

(iv) Failure is progressive

(v) In the load-settlement curve, there is no well-defined peak

(vi) Failure is characterized by considerable settlement directly beneath the foundation

(vii) Significant compression of soil below the footing and partial development of plastic equilibrium is observed.

(viii) Well-defined wedge and slip surface only beneath the foundation.

b) General shear failure

Occur in medium to dense soil and stiff clays and has the following properties:

a) A well – defined failure pattern

b) Sudden, catastrophic failure accompanied by tilting of foundation

c) Bulging of the ground surface adjacent to the foundation.

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This occurs in soils that show brittle – type stress-strain behavior.

c)  Punching shear failure

This occurs in soils possessing stress-strain characteristics of very plastic soil. This type is characterized by

a) Poor defined shear planes

b) Soil zones beyond loaded area being less affected.

c) Significant penetration of a wedge-shaped soil zone beneath the foundation, accompanied by vertical shear beneath the edges of f/x.

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Relatively large settlements do occur in this type of failure and ultimate bearing capacity is not well defined.

This type of failure occurs in deep footing in the soil of low compressibility.

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