If the excavation of earth is done manually then it costs Rs. 80 per m3. A Machine can excavate at a fixed cost of Rs. 60000 plus a variable cost of Rs. 20 per m3. The quantity of earth for which the cost of excavation by machine will be equal to the cost by manual excavation is

If the excavation of earth is done manually then it costs Rs. 80 per m3. A Machine can excavate at a fixed cost of Rs. 60000 plus a variable cost of Rs. 20 per m3. The quantity of earth for which the cost of excavation by machine will be equal to the cost by manual excavation is Correct Answer 1000 m<sup>3</sup>

Calculation:

Let us assume x m3 quantity of earth are excavated

if excavations are done by manually then total cost of excavation = 80x...........(i)

If excavations are done by machine then total cost of excavation = 60000 + 20x..........(ii)

Then quantity of earth for which the cost of excavation by machine will be equal to the cost by manual excavation. so equate equation (i) and (ii)

80x = 60000 + 20x

60x = 60000

x = 1000 m3

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Neha was solving a problem in which subtraction of 673–257 was required. She said, "257 plus 100 will be 357, 457, 557, 657. So, 257 plus 400 is 657". "Now 657 plus 10 is 667, 677, so, 657 plus 20 is 677 and 4 less in 677 is 673. "Therefore, 400 plus 20 minus 4 is 416". Hence 673–257 is 416. Which of the following statements is most appropriate for the strategy of Neha?
Assertion (A): Only the relevant costs should be taken into consideration for decision-making.
Reason (R): All variable costs are relevant costs, and all fixed costs are irrelevant costs.