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Which of the following statements are correct regarding Virtual Water Trade (VWT)? 1. It refers to the import and export of hidden water in the form of products such as crop products, textiles, machinery and livestock which require water for production. 2. The concept was introduced by Tony Allan in 1993 to explain the import of water intensive products in arid and semi-arid regions in the Middle East and North Africa. 3. The World Water Council is headquartered at Marseille, France. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Virtual Water Trade (VWT)? 1. It refers to the import and export of hidden water in the form of products such as crop products, textiles, machinery and livestock which require water for production. 2. The concept was introduced by Tony Allan in 1993 to explain the import of water intensive products in arid and semi-arid regions in the Middle East and North Africa. 3. The World Water Council is headquartered at Marseille, France. Select the correct answer using the code given below: Correct Answer 1, 2 and 3

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

  • Virtual water trade (VWT) is the amount of water, either green (soil moisture) or blue (renewable and nonrenewable), that is consumed in the production of agricultural goods that are then traded in the international market.
  • It considers the total water used in the production of a commodity (peaches) or product (a car), and if those items are then exported abroad, they take their 'virtual water' component with them.
  • Virtual water trade refers to the import and export of hidden water in the form of products such as crops, textiles, machinery, and livestock that require water for their production. Hence 1 statement is correct.
  • The trade war between the US and China since July 2018 and the imposition of tariffs led to a change in the water balance between the two countries.
    • China continues high exports of hidden water in crops, textiles, machinery, and livestock. Hence 1 statement is correct.
  • The concept of ‘virtual water’ has been introduced by Tony Allan in the early nineties (Allan, 1993; 1994). Hence 2 statement is correct.
    • The analysis suggests that, theoretically, the country is a potential virtual water exporter to neighboring arid and semi-arid countries.
  • The World Water Council (WWC) is an international think tank founded in 1996, with its headquarters in Marseille, France. Hence 3 statement is correct.
  • The first international meeting on the subject was held in December 2002 in Delft, the Netherlands.
    • A special session is devoted to the issue of virtual water trade at the Third World Water Forum in Japan, March 2003.

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