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Consider the following statements regarding channel routing : 1. In channel routing, the flood hydrograph at various sections of the reach is predicted by considering a channel reach and an input hydrograph at the upstream end. 2. As the flood wave moves down the river, the shape of the wave does not change. 3. Flood waves passing down a river have their peaks attenuated due to friction. 4. The addition of lateral inflows can cause an increase of attenuation. Which of the above statements are not correct?  

Consider the following statements regarding channel routing : 1. In channel routing, the flood hydrograph at various sections of the reach is predicted by considering a channel reach and an input hydrograph at the upstream end. 2. As the flood wave moves down the river, the shape of the wave does not change. 3. Flood waves passing down a river have their peaks attenuated due to friction. 4. The addition of lateral inflows can cause an increase of attenuation. Which of the above statements are not correct?   Correct Answer 2 and 4 only

Explanation:

Flood Routing:

(i) Flood routing is a process of determining peak discharge or stage of outflow hydrograph, corresponding to a known inflow hydrograph.

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Flood waves:

(i) Flood waves in open channels are also recognized as long progressive waves with the only difference that the movement of water in the downstream direction, is also associated with the movement of waves in open channel of the reservoir.

(ii) By associating flood waves with water movement gives two types of flood waves:

  • The wave which travels downstream is known as the primary wave. As the flood wave moves down the river, the shape of the waves gets modified due to various factors, such as channel storage, resistance, lateral addition or withdrawal of flow, etc. Hence statement (2) is incorrect
  • The wave which travels upstream is known as the secondary wave.

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  • Flood waves passing down a river have their peaks attenuated due to friction because major loss due to friction and minor loss due to eddies formation. Hene Statement (3) is correct.
  • The addition of lateral inflows can cause a reduction of attenuation or even amplification of a flood wave. Hence statement (4) is incorrect.

Types of flood routing:

On the basis of application, Flood routing can be classified as:

  • Reservoir Routing
  • Channel Routing

Reservoir Routing:

  • In Reservoir routing the effect of a flood wave entering a reservoir is studied to predict the variations of reservoir elevation and outflow discharge with time

Channel Routing:

  • In channel routing, the change in the shape of a hydrograph as it travels down a channel is studied to predict the flood hydrograph at various sections of the reach. Hence statement (1) is correct.

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