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Which of the following endocrine glands are present in human body? 1. Pineal gland 2. Thyroid gland 3. Thymus 4. Pancreas

Which of the following endocrine glands are present in human body? 1. Pineal gland 2. Thyroid gland 3. Thymus 4. Pancreas Correct Answer 1, 2, 3 and 4

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Explanation:

  • Endocrine glands are ductless glands, which means they lack ducts. 
  • Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus, Pancreas are all endocrine glands.
  • Pineal gland: 
    • It is a small gland in the brain-derived from the embryonic ectoderm.
    • It is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres.
    • It secretes a hormone called melatonin, which plays a crucial part in the management of our body's 24 hours (diurnal) rhythm. Melatonin also aids in the maintenance of proper body temperature and sleep-wake cycle.
  • Thyroid gland: 
    • The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body.
    • It is ectodermal in origin, i.e., originates from the endoderm of the embryo.
    • In thyroid gland, follicular cells synthesise thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) hormones.
    • These hormones regulate and maintain the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) i.e., both T3 and T4 hormone increases the overall metabolic rate of the body.
  • Thymus: 
    • It is a lymphoid gland that plays an important role in the development of the immune system.
    • It develops from the embryo's endoderm.
    • The thymus gland secretes a peptide hormone called thymosin, which plays a major role in the differentiation f T-lymphocytes.
  • Pancreas: 
    • It is a composite gland that acts as both endocrine and exocrine glands. Such glands are also called heterochrony glands.
    • It originates from the endoderm of the embryonic germ layer.
    • The pancreas gland secretes glucagon and insulin hormone in which insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the target cells.​

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