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Doctors Medicines MCQs Q&A

Consider the following statements : 1. Micro RNA (miRNA) is an exogenous double-stranded RNA uptaken by cells, while small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an endogenous single-stranded RNA. 2. miRNA mainly serves as a drug target, therapeutic agent and biomarker tool while siRNA mainly serves as a therapeutic agent. Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements : 1. Micro RNA (miRNA) is an exogenous double-stranded RNA uptaken by cells, while small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an endogenous single-stranded RNA. 2. miRNA mainly serves as a drug target, therapeutic agent and biomarker tool while siRNA mainly serves as a therapeutic agent. Which of the following statements given above is/are correct? Correct Answer 2 only

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

  • Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with important roles in gene regulation. 
  • siRNAs and miRNAs share many similarities, both are short duplex RNA molecules that exert gene silencing effects at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA), yet their mechanisms of action and clinical applications are distinct.
  • The major difference between siRNAs and miRNAs is that the former are highly specific with only one mRNA target, whereas the latter have multiple targets. 
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs of 21–25 nucleotides (nts) in length.
    • They play an important regulatory role in animals and plants by targeting specific mRNAs for degradation or translation repression.
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of exogenous double-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules, operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
    • It is typically 20-24 base pairs in length.
  • In terms of clinical application, siRNA serves primarily as a therapeutic agent while miRNAs is used as Drug target, Therapeutic agent, Diagnostic and biomarker tool. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular process that silences gene expression by promoting the degradation of mRNA. It plays an important role in gene regulation and innate defence against invading viruses.

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