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Which of the following factors can lead to the emergence of zoonotic diseases? 1. Intensive farming 2. Travel and transportation 3. Unsustainable utilization of natural resources 4. Increased demand for animal protein Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Which of the following factors can lead to the emergence of zoonotic diseases? 1. Intensive farming 2. Travel and transportation 3. Unsustainable utilization of natural resources 4. Increased demand for animal protein Select the correct answer using the code given below. Correct Answer 1, 2, 3, and 4

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Key Points

  • A UN Report on Zoonotic Diseases identifies seven anthropogenic driving factors leading to the emergence of zoonotic diseases:
    • Increased demand for animal protein
    • Rise in intense and unsustainable farming
    • Increased use and exploitation of wildlife
    • Unsustainable utilization of natural resources
    • Travel and transportation
    • Changes in food supply chains
    • Climate change crisis.

UN Report on Zoonotic Diseases

  • Recently, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)released a report titled “Preventing the Next Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission” on July 6, 2020, celebrated as ‘World Zoonoses Day.
  • Zoonosis or zoonotic disease is a disease that has passed into the human population from an animal source directly or through an intermediary species.
  • Zoonotic infections can be bacterial, viral, or parasitic in nature, with animals playing a vital role in maintaining such infections.
  • Examples of zoonoses include HIV-AIDS, Ebola, malaria, rabies, West Nile fever, and the current novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disease.
  • As per the report, about 60% of known infectious diseases in humans and 75% of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic.
  • The report confirms and builds on the conclusions of the FAO-OIE-WHO Tripartite Alliance and many other expert groups that a One Health approach is the optimal method for preventing as well as responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks and pandemics.
  • Adopting a One Health approach, which unites medical, veterinary, and environmental expertise, will help governments, businesses, and civil society achieve enduring health for people, animals, and environments alike.

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Conclusions :
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