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A teacher picks up a paragraph from a newspaper and reads out to her learners twice. Then she asks them to recreate the paragraph from their listening. Learner need to write nearer to the meaning of the paragraph she has read out, not exactly the same words and sentences. What is this strategy for listening known as?

A teacher picks up a paragraph from a newspaper and reads out to her learners twice. Then she asks them to recreate the paragraph from their listening. Learner need to write nearer to the meaning of the paragraph she has read out, not exactly the same words and sentences. What is this strategy for listening known as? Correct Answer Top-down processing

Language skills are necessary for effective communication in any environment and to interact with others. It allows an individual to comprehend and produce language for proper and effective interpersonal communication.

  • The four basic language skills and their natural order are listening-speaking-reading-writing. These foundational skills of language are divided into two categories which are receptive and productive skills.

Key Points

Here, the learner is writing the paragraph in is own words after listening to the teacher,  this strategy for listening is known as top-down processing.

  • The top-down process involves other non-linguistic clues like an understanding of the context and the speaker, knowledge of the topic, and using the body language to infer the purpose of the speaker’s speech.
  • In this approach, the learner utilizes the background or previous knowledge to figure out the meaning of language. It is a listening approach that focuses on looking at language as a whole rather than individual sounds, words, and phrases.
  • The listener also uses logical thinking and prediction skills to guess what the speaker will say next or why the speaker is saying something. Top-down strategies include listening for the main idea, predicting, drawing inferences, and summarizing.

​Thus, it is concluded that the above given strategy is known as top- down processing.

 Additional Information

The bottom-up process involves decoding and using perception skills using sound, word order, pause, stress, and intonation as a guide. It is a listening process that focuses on concentrating on individual words and phrases while listening, rather than the meaning of the text as a whole.

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