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Infection, urinary tract (UTI): An infection in theurinary system that begins when microorganisms cling to the opening of the urethra (thecanal from the bladder) and begin to multiply. Most UTIs are due to one type of bacteria,E. (Escherichia) coli, a normal denizen of the colon. An infection in the urethra leads toinflammation called urethritis. From there bacteria may move up, causing a bladderinfection (cystitis) and if the infection is not treated promptly, bacteria may go up theureters to infect the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Factors leading to UTI include anyabnormality of the urinary tract (such as a urinary tract malformation or a kidney stone)that obstructs the flow of urine, an enlarged prostate gland that slows the flow of urine,catheters (tubes) in the bladder, diabetes (due to changes of the immune system), and anydisorder that suppresses the immune system. Women have more UTI than men, probably becausea woman's urethra is shorter (allowing bacteria quick access to the bladder) andnearer sources of bacteria from the anus and vagina. For many women, sexual intercourseseems to trigger an infection, as may the use of a diaphragm. Not everyone with a UTI hassymptoms but symptoms commonly include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burningwhen urinating (dysuria). The urine may look milky or cloudy, even reddish if blood ispresent. Kidney infection can cause pain in the back or side below the ribs. In children,symptoms may be easily missed or misunderstood. A child with a UTI may be irritable, noteat normally, have an unexplained fever, have incontinence or loose bowels, or just notthrive.