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Cancer, prostatic: Cancer of the gland (prostate) thatproduces some of the components of semen fluid. The second leading cause of death of malesin the U.S. Prostate cancer is often first detected as a hard nodule during a routinerectal examination. The PSA blood test is a screening test for prostate cancer. Diagnosisof prostate cancer is established when cancer cells are identified in prostate tissueobtained by a biopsy. In some patients, prostate cancer is life threatening. In manyothers, prostate cancer can exist for years without causing any health problems. Treatmentoptions for prostate cancer include observation, radiation therapy, surgery, hormonaltherapy, and chemotherapy.