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Aristolochic acid: Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae family of plants. Aristolochic acid was previously contained in a number of botanical products sold as traditional medicines or as dietary supplements or weight-loss remedies. The use of products containing aristolochic acid were found to cause kidney damage, including end-stage kidney failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. In addition, aristolochic acid is carcinogenic, most often in the urinary tract. In sum, aristolochic acid is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic it is toxic to the kidney and causes cancer.