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                                                                                                                 Best practice of demographic dividend

Bangladesh has a fairly young population with 34 percent aged 15 and younger and just five percent aged 65 and older. At present, more than 65 percent of our population is of working age, between 15 and 64. When there is such a large percentage of young people in any nation, they are expected to contribute to the country's economy. This opportunity is known as the 'demographic dividend' which refers to the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population is larger than the non-working- age share of the population," as defined by the United Nations Population Fund. Our policymakers need to realise that for a country where 24.3 percent of the population live below the national poverty line, no matter what the GDP growth rate or per-capita income is, rising income inequality and millions of young people unemployed or underemployed point to a ticking time bomb. Moreover, our population will reach 223.5 million by 2041 and 230-240 million by 2050. As mentioned earlier, this demographic dividend is not guaranteed or automatic-dividend comes of use when jobs are created, and when young people join the workforce. Therefore, if we want to reap the full benefits of the demographic dividend, we need to act fast because demographic dividend is a one-time short-lived phenomenon that usually continues for 30 to 35 years, and by 2045 to 2060, this window of opportunity to accelerate economic growth will start to disappear. So before time runs out, we must act to prepare our young people for the future world of work. Since most new jobs. that will be created in the future will be highly skilled, we need to revamp our weak education system to make it more suitable to the changing times. Alongside that, we must invest much more in education, health and nutrition, infrastructure, and adopt an expansionary economic policy and create a favourable environment for local and foreign investment, so that we can increase production, productivity and consequent employment opportunities for the future workforce. If we succeed, we will ensure the prosperity of our people. And if we fail, our 'demographic dividend' can turn into a 'demographic disaster."

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Precis writing: Ericsson and his colleagues then compared amateur (অপেশাদার ক্রিড়াবিদ) pianists with professional pianists. The same pattern emerged. The amateurs never practiced more than about three hours a week over the course of their childhood, and by the age of twenty they had totaled two thousand hours of practice. The professionals, on the other hand, steadily increased their practice time every year, until by the age of twenty they, like the violinists (বেহালাবাদক), had reached ten thousand hours. The striking thing about Ericsson's study is that he and his colleagues couldn't find any “naturals” musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did Nor could they find any "grinds". people who worked harder than everyone else, yet just didn't have what it takes to break the top ranks. Their research suggests that once a musician has enough ability to get into a top music school, the thing that distinguishes (দু'টি জিনিসের মধ্যে পার্থক্য শোনা, দেখা, বোঝা) one performer from another is how hard he or she works. That's it. And what's more, the people a the very top don't work just harder or even much harder than everyone else. They work much, much harder.The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: ten thousand hours. The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world- class expert-in anything, writes the neurologist Daniel Levitin. In a study after study, of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, master criminals, this number comes up again and again. Of course, this doesn't address why some people get more out of their practice sessions than others do. But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise was accomplished in less time. It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery.Instruction: Write a summary of the above passage with an appropriate title in the stipulated space. (Precis writing)
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