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The prospects and importance of 'Tourism' in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is full of natural beauty. Rivers, coasts and beaches, archaeological sites, religious places, hills, forests, waterfalls, tea gardens surround it. The Sundarban, Historic Mosque in city of Bagerhat, Ruins of the Buddihist Vihara at Paharpur are the three world heritage sites in Bangladesh among 1007. To observe the beauty of nature, huge amount of domestic and foreign tourists visit the country and its tourist attraction sites. In 2012, around six-lakh (6 hundred thousand) tourists came Bangladesh to visit and enjoy its beauty. The total contribution of tourism to GDP was 4.4%, 3.8% to employment and 1.5% to investment in 2013. Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC) looks after the tourism sector in Bangladesh under the ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism. Due to some limitations, Bangladesh has failed to introduce itself as a tourist destination country. The paper tries to focus on the attractive tourist spots of Bangladesh and the contribution of tourism in the Bangladesh economy. The major concern of the writer is to highlight the factors by which Bangladesh can be one of the major tourist attractive country in the world in near future.

Tourism in Bangladesh is a slowly developing foreign currency earner. The country has much to attract international and domestic tourists.

Bangladesh's tourist attractions include archaeological sites, historical mosques and monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forests and tribal people, wildlife of various species. Bangladesh offers ample opportunities to tourists for angling, water skiing, river cruising, hiking, rowing yachting, sea bathing as well as bringing one in close touch with pristine nature. Lonely Planet ranked Bangladesh as the best value destination for the year 2011 .

In the northern part, comprising the Rajshahi division, there are archaeological sites, including the temple city Puthia in Rajshahi; the largest and most ancient archaeological site, Mahasthangarh in Bogra; the single largest Buddhist monastery, Paharpur in Naogaon; the most ornamental terracota Hindu temple in Bangladesh Kantaji Temple, and many Rajbaris or palaces of old zamindars. In the south-western part, mainly the Khulna Division, there is the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest of the world with Royal Bengal Tiger and spotted deer. The historically and architecturally important sixty domed mosque in Bagerhat is a notable site.

In the south-eastern part, which is the Chittagong division, there are natural and hilly areas like Chittagong Hill Tracts, along with sandy sea beaches. The most notable beach, in Cox's Bazaar, is a contender for the title of longest unbroken sandy sea beach in the world.

In the north-eastern part, Sylhet division, there is a green carpet of tea plants on small hillocks. Natural reserved forests are great attractions. Migratory birds in winter, particularly in the haor areas, are also very attractive in this area.

In 2004, the US Department of State estimated the daily cost of staying in Dhaka at $191. Also a brief recommendation of my rationalization findings has been presented for further consideration of tourism industry perspective. I hope my effort will be highly appreciated by the service industry in Bangladesh

Nature of tourism
Tourism is a service industry. It has become a very complex activity encompassing a wide range of relationships. Resulting in the improvements in standard of living and disposable income with more leisure time, the overall numbers of tourists are expected to grow further. Factors like convenient transport, no restrictions on travel, availability of information on various tourist spots and new marketing techniques contributed the growth of overall number of tourists in the present world. Additionally, a number of socio-demographic factors such as higher educational standards, advancement in information technology, rapid urbanization have strongly influenced the growth of tourism.

Importance of tourism
Tourism is an important driver of economic growth. Besides this, People have an opportunity to exchange culture. Tourism can earn huge amount of foreign currency. Tourism can support the Balance of Payment (BOP) of a country. Tourism can create employment.

Impact of tourism
Tourism can bring many economic, social and environmental benefits, particularly in rural areas and developing countries, yet mass tourism is also associated with negative effects. Tourism can only be sustainable if it is carefully managed so that probable negative effects on the host community and the environment are not permitted to outweigh the financial benefits.

There are economic, socio-cultural and environmental key benefits of tourism.

  • Economic benefit: Tourism can provide direct jobs to the community, such as tour guides and hotel housekeeping. Indirect employment is generated through other industries like agriculture, food production and retail. Infrastructure development and visitors' expenditure generates income for the local community and can lead to the alleviation of poverty.
  • Social benefit: In addition to the revenue, tourism can bring about a real sense of pride and identity to communities. It allows them to look at their history, and community identity. This helps the local residents to maintain their tradition and culture.
  • Environmental benefit: Tourism provides financial support for the conservation of ecosystems and natural resource management, making the destination more authentic and desirable to visitors.

Negative effects of tourism are also not ignorable. These are:

  • Negative economic effect: Jobs created by tourism are often seasonal and poorly paid, yet tourism can push up local property prices and the cost of goods and services. Place of tourism can be affected by terrorism.
  • Negative social effect: Visitor's behavior can have a detrimental effect on the quality of life of the host community. For example, crowding and congestion, drugs and alcohol problems can occur. Interaction with tourists can also lead to an erosion of traditional cultures and values.
  • Negative environmental effect: Tourism poses a threat to a region's culture and natural resources, through overuse.
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Blue economy means extraction of the resources of sea of the growth of an economy. Bangladesh has settled maritime boundary disputes with Myanmar in 2012 and with India in 2014 through an arbitral method. It is estimates that Bangladesh has acquired 118,813 square kilometres of the Bay of Bengal. It is estimated that resources from the sea of Bangladesh constitute 81 per cent of the resources existing in territory. Within the jurisdiction of Bangladesh, the sea is endowed with immense and precious natural resources, living and non-living. Besides fish and other living animals, Bangladesh could also have gas fields as it is reported that Mayanmar has discovered a large gas field on its area of the sea. We need to ecosystems of the seas which are reportedly being degraded at an unprecedented rate, and this is not a issue only for Bangladesh . It should be addressed in cooperation with other countries.
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Translation: English to Bengali Economic affluence and prosperity are likely to reduce the scope and necessity of social protest which is a common phenomenon in many of the developing nations. Though the proposition is not always true and failed to pass the test of time in many countries and many societies, governments in one developing countries nowadays strongly uphold the concept. That's why they have concentrated their focuses, resources and efforts to economic growth to turn their countries affluent and prosperous. The growth-centric or growth-obsessed drive towards prosperity mostly sidelines the distributive aspects which is a major factor of different social protests. Theoretically, social protest is defined as a form of political expression that seeks to bring about a social or political change by influencing the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the public or the policies of an organization or institution. These protests generally take the form of overt public displays, demonstrations, civil disobedience and may also include covert activities like petitions, boycotts, lobbying, and even different online activities. In today's world, online activities have become a popular form of social protest, thanks to proliferation of social media and other virtual platforms, Social protest is also considered a strong tool to air the grievances and sometimes compel the government and relevant authorities to address the problems or fix the flaws. In Bangladesh, different kinds of social protests have been observed in last couple of years when economy registered an unrelenting growth Usually social protests mostly ended within a period of time and mostly never linger unless those are serious issues. Those who participate in the protests do not come for any revolutionary change overnight. They mostly want to draw the attention of the policymakers and authorities to rectify the defects within a reasonable time frame.
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Economic affluence and prosperity are likely to reduce the scope and necessity of social protest which is a common phenomenon in many of the developing nations. Though the proposition is not always true and failed to pass the test of time in many countries and many societies, governments in some developing countries nowadays strongly uphold the concept That's why they have concentrated their focuses, resources and efforts to economic growth to turn their countries affluent and prosperous. The growth-centrist or growth-obsessed drive towards prosperity mostly sidelines the distributive aspects which is a major factor of different social protests. Theoretically, social protest is defined as a form of political expression that seeks to bring about a social or political change by influencing the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the public or the policies of an organization or institution. These protests generally take the form of overt public displays, demonstrations, civil disobedience and may also include covert activities like petitions, boycotts, lobbying, and even different poline activities. In today's world, online activities have become a popular form of social protest, thanks to proliferation of social media and other virtual platforms Social protest is also considered a strong tool to air the grievances and sometimes compel the government and relevant authorities to address the problems or fix the flaws. In Bangladesh, different kinds of social protests have been observed in last couple of years when economy registered an unrelenting growth Usually social protests mostly ended within a period of time and mostly never linger unless those are serious issues. Those who participate in the protests do not come for any revolutionary change overnight. They mostly want to draw the attention of the policy makers and authorities to rectify the defects within a reasonable time frame. (Translation English to Bengali)
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